FALLACIES INTRODUCTION

UNIT # 3.3
FALLACIES
• Fallacies are errors in reasoning, made in the construction of arguments. A fallacy is
a technical flaw which makes an argument unsound or invalid. It is a mistaken
belief, especially one based on unsound arguments.

• Some are committed intentionally to manipulate and deceive, while some are
committed unintentionally due to ignorance and recklessness.
5 STEPS TO THINKING CLEARLY

1. Check Your Attitude

2. Have a Clear Purpose
3. Use Your Passion to control your Emotions
4. Use your Negative Thinking to produce Positive Action
5. Use Cool Logic in Hot Situations to reach your Goal
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLEAR THINKING
Determinism
Determinism refers to people's behavior being determined for them by some
external force.
Empirical evidence
Empirical evidence is evidence from observations. It can be through naturalistic
observation
Objectivity
Judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or
personal discrimination.