Introduction to IP Routing

1 IP
2.Routing
3. Protocol

.
IP address

An IP is a number assigned to
network Equipped Piece of hardware by
which other devices identify It
E.g Class
192.168.1.1
Routing is a process of selecting a path for
traffic on a network or across multiple
network

A Protocol is a set of rules that determine

how data is transmitted from one device to
another on network
Whats IP Routing
• IP routing is the process of sending packets from a host on one network to
another host on a different remote network. This process is usually done by
routers. Routers examine the destination IP address of a packet , determine the
next-hop address, and forward the packet. Routers use routing tables to
determine the next hop address to which the packet should be forwarded.
Consider the following example of IP routing:
Host A has an IP address of the router R1 configured as the
default gateway address. Host A is trying to communicate
with host B, a host on another, remote network. Host A
looks up in its routing table to check if there is an entry for
that destination network. If the entry is not found, the host
sends all data to the router R1. Router R1 receives the
packets and forwards them to host B.
An autonomous system (AS) s a set of Internet routable IP prefixes belonging to a
network that are all managed, controlled and supervised by a single entity or
organization.
IP Addresse
192 168 0 1

• two level hierarchy host identifier

• network prefix network prefix
• host
• all hosts within a common network prefix communicate without explicit routing tools visible to the network prefix
When There is No Routing
• systems on same physical subnet
• no routing - transmission is via the media level protocols
• must translate IP addresses into media (MAC) addresses to allow media level communication
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• if A wishes to communicate with B:
• A broadcasts ARP Request for MAC address of B’s IP address across subnet
• B arp caches A’s IP address to MAC address binding
• B responds to A with ARP Reply
• A arp caches B’s IP address to MAC address binding
• The decision governing the route that should be taken vary depending
on the routing protocol in use .
• This decision is in relation to varying factors such as bandwidth and
hop count
Building the Routing
Table

The main considerations while building the

routing table are
1. Administrative distance .measure of
trust worth of the Source a router learns
about a destination from more than one
routing protocol, administrative distance
is compared and the preference is given
to the routes with lower administrative
distance
2. Metrics This is a measure used by the
routing protocol to calculate the best
path to a given destination, if it learns
multiple paths to the same destination.
Each routing protocol uses a different
metric.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

• RIP is a dynamic routing protocol

which uses hop count as a
routing metric to find the best
path between the source and
the destination network.
• It is a distance vector routing
protocol which has AD value 120
and works on the application
layer of OSI model. RIP uses port
number 520