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Amplitude Modulation
Amplitude Modulation
Wei Li
weili@ieee.org
• What is Modulation
• Amplitude Modulation (AM)
• Demodulation of AM signals
• Calculation and Examples
• Summary
Modulator Demodulator
k2/4 k2/4
2 2
k k
A2
4 4
• Total power for AM:
k2
1
2
CSULB May 22, 2006 8
Amplitude Modulation
• The AM signal is generated using a
multiplier.
• All info is carried in the amplitude of
the carrier, AM carrier signal has
time-varying envelope.
• In frequency domain the AM
waveform are the lower-side
frequency/band (fc - fm), the carrier
frequency fc, the upper-side
frequency/band (fc + fm).
CSULB May 22, 2006 9
AM Modulation – Example
• The information signal is usually not a single
frequency but a range of frequencies (band). For
example, frequencies from 20Hz to 15KHz. If we
use a carrier of 1.4MHz, what will be the AM
spectrum?
• In frequency domain the AM waveform are the
lower-side frequency/band (fc - fm), the carrier
frequency fc, the upper-side frequency/band (fc +
fm). Bandwidth: 2x(25K-20)Hz.
1.4 MHz
frequency
1,385,000Hz to fc 1,400,020Hz to
1,399,980Hz 1,415,000Hz
CSULB May 22, 2006 10
Modulation Index of AM Signal
For a sinusoidal message signal m(t ) Am cos(2f mt )
Carrier Signal: cos(2 f c t ) DC: AC
Am
Ac
2Amin 2Amax
Pt = Pc(1 + k2/2)
Pt =Total transmitted power (sidebands and
carrier)
Pc = Carrier power
K>1
CSULB May 22, 2006 19
Synchronous or Coherent
Demodulation
VDC m t VDC m t
Vx = + + cos 2ωc t + cos 2ωc t
2 2 2 2
Note – the AM input has been 'split into two' – ‘red part' has
moved or shifted up to higher frequency: m t cos 2ωct +VDC cos 2ωct
2
VDC m t
and blue part shifted down to baseband: 2 2
CSULB May 22, 2006 23
Coherent Detection
b) cos2t
from cos2A=1/2[1+cos2A]
we get: cos2t=1/2[1+cos2t] 1/2 1/2
k2 k2 k2
PT = Pc + Pc + Pc where Pc 10 Watts
4 4 4
4 10 40
Pc = = 444.44 Watts
0.3
2 2
k
Hence, total power PT = 444.44 + 10 + 10 = 464.44 Watts.
Next Class….
• DSB, SSB, VSB……
• FM, PM