INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

• The city of MohenjoDaro and Harappa was developed on a mount measuring area of
hectors.
• It was basically divided into 12 blocks measuring 365 m X 244 m and was planned
according to grid - iron pattern .
• Houses were of varied sizes and storyes (G+ 2 max.)
• Towns were built by burnt bricks and houses were provided with bathrooms , public
halls and other living requirements.
• Houses were arranged around open courtyard , with no openings towards streets.
• Streets were 9m wide.
• The heights of the buildings were in proportion to the width of the road, which was
paved.
• There were underground drainage system , market of halls, granaries and offices
were neatly planned.
• There was a common tank and public bath facilities were provided as special
features of the towns.
• System of great bath which was 12m long and 7m wide and 2.4m deep.
MEDEVIAL PERIOD
• Basic characteristics narrow zig - zag
lanes .
• City surrounded by walls punctured
with the gates and there was moats.
• The city was developed around the
religious place or administrative
Centre.
• Commercial streets were radiating
from the main focal point.
• The town sites were usually on
irregular terrain occupying hill tops or
islands . The towns was designed to fit
the topographic features
• Mass space relationship wasn’t
maintain.
• The circulation and building spaces
were molded to the irregular features
and naturally assumed an informal
character .
• Buildings assumed to have functional
character in both form and location .
• Accidents of vista and contrast of form
and color resulted from the contours
of the land and the ingenious
selection of sites for each structure
• Dead ends were created for the
security traps .
• Hoses were generally 2-to 3 storied
high and planned around central
courtyard.
• Behind the rows of houses the open
space was reserved and in them
domestic animals were kept and
gardens were maintained .
• The workshop and the kitchen
occupied the ground floor and the
living and sleeping space was on the
upper floor of the dwelling .
• Construction was of masonry of wood
frame filled with wattle . Windows
were small and covered with crude
glass.
• Streets were usually paved and
maintained by the owner of the
property facing upon them.
RENASSIANCE PERIOD
• Pure geometrical forms were preferred in this period. • Components of renaissance
• Concept of grid were used for planes. There was strong planning are:-
central line along which building was placed in symmetrical 1. The primary straight streets
manner around central lines. 2. Fortification
• Concept of monumental scale, vista, and royal gardens were 3. Garden design
followed in this period.
4. Place
• Basic stress was laid upon landscaping.
• Plaza concept was used developed.
5. Chess board plan or squared
• Plaza was designed on monumental scale and statue was shaped plan
provided in center at height so that it can be seen from
distance.
• Fountain and landscape was surrounded around statue.
• Basic theories of proportion were developed during this
period according to them best proportionate plans were
square(best with equal size) and circle, rectangle
• Rectangles with proportion of 1:√2, 2:3, 3:4
• CONCEPT OF CONVERGING STREETS
• It was provided during this period
• It was provided to provide vista of 3 streets at 1 point
• Streets at 50 degree can connect vista of 3 streets at 1 point
• During the modern Architecture LE CORBUSIER provided
the concept of city with modern technology.
• He proposed a city with population 30 lakhs at center CBD
with population of 4 lakhs.
• MULTI STOREYED towers which will be having population of
4 lakhs.
RENASSIANCE PERIOD
• There were garden houses with population of 20nlakhs
• Objective was to decongest the central area and to control the density and to provide the maximum
green area.
• He also provided the concept of elevated road .
• Ground surface area used for green areas and the elevated areas for roads for traffic.
• Chandigarh based upon the le Corbusier planning used the concept of human body
• Admin center - the head of the city .
• City center – heart of the city.
• Institutional areas – arms of the city
• Industrial areas and the agricultural land feet of the city as supporting the main city.
• Open areas lungs of the city(purification function).
• Circulation arteries - veins of the city.
• Basic circulation pattern is designed on the V7 system
• V1 – ROADS CONNECTING CITY WITH REGION ( NH1 ROADS)
• V2 – major activity areas connected. City center, secretariat area. Eg. Madhya marg and Jan
marg
• V3 – loop roads around the sectors known as collectors. (collect traffic od many sectors)
• V4 – inter sectorial roads . Roads connecting various sectors.
• V5 – intra sectorial roads . Roads connecting various activities area within sectors. Basically they
are the loop roads within the sectors .
• V6 – access roads to the houses
• V7 – pedestrian paths for pedestrian movements
VEDIC CIVILIZATION
• During the Vedic period planning
was done on scientific basis
• Soil conditions , topography climate
conditions were given due
consideration .
• Orientations of building and streets
are really important . Eg. Main street
– RAJ MARG . East west oriented , so
as to purified by the sun rays .
• Minor streets were north south
oriented.
• Cities of indraprasthas ( Delhi's part )
and Ayodhya were founded in this
period.
• These cities were neatly planned
with the palatial building ( hgt. is
more.) or houses with wide through
fares.
• Mainly temples were placed at the
center and all around residential of
poor , middle, high classes .
• Hospitals and education institutions
was planned at prominent places.
• Symmetrical shapes were used . Eg.
Flower LOTUS.