CH 1 - Introduction To MGMT and Organizations

Chapter 1
Introduction to Management and

Organizations
Who Are Managers?
• Manager
– Someone who works with and through other
people by coordinating their work activities in
order to accomplish organizational goals
Chapter 1, Stephen P. Robbins, Mary Coulter, and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Management, Fifth Canadian Edition 1-2
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada
Types of Managers
• First-line Managers
– Are at the lowest level of management and manage the
work of nonmanagerial employees
• Middle Managers
– Manage the work of first-line managers
• Top Managers
– Are responsible for making organization-wide decisions
and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire
organization
Exhibit 1.1 Managerial Levels
Top
Top
Managers
Managers
Middle Managers
Middle Managers
First-Line Managers
First-Line Managers
Nonmanagerial Employees
Nonmanagerial Employees
What Is Management?
• Managerial Concerns
– Efficiency
• “Doing things right”
– Getting the most output for the least input
– Effectiveness
• “Doing the right things”
– Attaining organizational goals
What Do Managers Do?
• Functional Approach
– Planning
• Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals,
developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities
– Organizing
• Arranging work to accomplish organizational goals
– Leading
• Working with and through people to accomplish goals
– Controlling
• Monitoring, comparing, and correcting the work
Exhibit 1.2 Management
Functions
Planning Organizing Leading Controlling
Lead to
Defining goals, Determining Directing and Monitoring
establishing what needs motivating all activities Achieving the
strategy, and to be done, involved parties to ensure organization’s
developing how it will and resolving that they are stated
subplans to be done, and conflicts accomplished purpose
coordinate who is to do it as planned
activities
What Do Managers Do? (cont’d
• Mintzberg’s Management Roles Approach (Exhibit

1.3)
– Interpersonal roles
• Figurehead, leader, liaison
– Informational roles
• Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson
– Decisional roles
• Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator,
negotiator
What Do Managers Do? (cont’d)
• Skills Approach
– Technical skills
• Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
– Human skills
• The ability to work well with other people
– Conceptual skills
• The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and
complex situations concerning the organization
Exhibit 1.4 Skills Needed at Different
Management Levels
Top Conceptual
Managers Skills
Middle Human
Managers Skills
Lower-level Technical
Skills
Managers
Importance
What Is An Organization?
• An Organization Defined
– A deliberate arrangement of people to
accomplish some specific purpose
• Common Characteristics of Organizations
– Have a distinct purpose (goal)
– Are composed of people
– Have a deliberate structure
Exhibit 1.5 Characteristics of
Organizations
Distinct
Distinct Deliberate
Deliberate
Purpose
Purpose Structure
Structure
People
People
Exhibit 1.6 The Changing Organization
Traditional New Organization
• Stable • Dynamic
• Inflexible • Flexible
• Job-focused • Skills-focused
• Work is defined by job positions • Work is defined in terms of tasks to be
• Individual-oriented done
• Permanent jobs • Team-oriented
• Command-oriented • Temporary jobs
• Managers always make decisions • Involvement-oriented
• Rule-oriented • Employees participate in decision making
• Relatively homogeneous workforce • Customer-oriented
• Workdays defined as 9 to 5 • Diverse workforce
• Hierarchical relationships • Workdays have no time boundaries
• Work at organizational facility during • Lateral and networked relationships
specific hours • Work anywhere, anytime
Henry Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management
Exhibit 1.8 Universal Need for
Management
All Sizes of Organizations
Small Large
All Organizational Areas

Management All Types of Organizations
Manufacturing —Marketing
Human Resources —Accounting Is Needed
in... Profit Not-for-Profit
Information Systems —etc.
All Organization Levels
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CH 1 - Introduction To MGMT and Organizations

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Chapter 1

Introduction to Management and

• Mintzberg’s Management Roles Approach (Exhibit

All Organizational Areas

All Organization Levels

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