Traditional Training Methods

(1) Training-Its Meaning

(2) Major Classification of Training Methods
(3) Meaning of on the Job Training and Description of Different on the
Job Training Methods
(4) Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of Different off the
Training Methods

Develop learning Outcome of the Chapter titled ‘Learning’ within one

paragraph (maximum 300 words). 10
 Chapter 08
Training Methods
1. Training-Its Meaning
Training provides an opportunity to learn job specific KSAs.
2. Major Classification of Training Methods
A large variety of methods of training are used in business
All the methods are divided into two classifications
A. On the Job Training & B. Off the Job Training Methods
 Chapter 08
Training Methods(contd.)
3. Meaning of on the Job Training and Description of Different on the
Job Training Methods
Under these methods new or inexperienced employees learn through
observing peers or managers performing the job and trying to imitate
their behavior and through the instruction of managers
 These methods do not cost much and are less troublesome as
employees are always on the job, training is given on the same
machines and experience
above all the trainee is learning while earning
 3. on-the-job Training Methods

A. on-the-job Training Methods

(i)Coaching
(ii)Mentoring
(iii)Job Rotation
(iv)Job Instruction Technique(JIT)
(v)Apprenticeship
(vi)Understudy
 3. On-the-job Training Methods(Contd.)
A. on-the-job Training Methods
(i)Coaching
 one-to-one training
It also offers the benefit of transferring theory learning to practice
Direct Supervisor provides learning regarding Skills and Attitudes, points out mistakes and
provides required suggestions

(ii)Mentoring
The focus in this training is on the development of attitude
It is used for managerial employees
 Mentoring is always done by a senior inside person
 It is also one-to- one interaction like coaching
offers the benefit of transferring theory learning to practice like coaching
 3. on-the-job Training Methods(Contd.)
(iii) Job Rotation
It is the process of training employees by rotating them through a
series of related jobs
 Rotation not only makes a person familiar with different jobs, but it
also reduces monotony & allows to develop rapport with a number of
people
 Rotation must be logical
 3. on-the-job Training Methods(Contd.)
iv. Job Instructional Technique (JIT)
It is a Step by step (structured) on the job training
method in which
 The trainees are given the learning materials in
written or by learning machines through a series called
‘frame’
 demonstrates the task or the skill to the trainee
 allows the trainee to show the demonstration on his
or her own follows up to provide feedback and help
 3. on-the-job Training Methods(Contd.)
(v)Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a
skill. This method of training is implemented in those trades, craft and
technical fields in which a long period is required for gaining expertise
The trainees serve as apprentices to experts for long periods
They have to work in direct association with and also under the direct
supervision of their masters
The object of such training is to make the trainees all-round craftsmen. It is an
expensive method of training
Also, there is no guarantee that the trained worker will continue to work in
the same organization after securing training
The apprentices are paid remuneration according to the apprenticeship
agreements
3. on-the-job Training Methods(Contd.)
vi. Understudy
In this method, a supervisor gives training to a subordinate regarding
KSAs of his( Supervisor’s )job
The subordinate learns through experience and observation by
participating in handling day to day problems
 Basic purpose is to prepare subordinates to develop the successor
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of Different off the Job Training Methods

Meaning of off the Job Training Method

Off-the-job training methods are conducted in separate from the job
environment, study material is supplied, there is full concentration
on learning rather than performing, and there is freedom of
expression.
Important off the job training methods include
i. Lectures and Conferences
ii. Vestibule Training
iii Simulation Exercises
iv. Sensitivity Training
v. Transactional Analysis
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of Different off the
Job Training Methods
i. Lectures and Conferences
Lectures
Lectures and conferences are the traditional and direct method of
instruction
 Every training program starts with lecture and conference. It’s a
verbal presentation for a large audience
 However, the lectures have to be motivating and creating interest
among trainees
 The trainer must have considerable depth in the subject
Conferences
A conference is a formal meeting for discussion to get different ideas ,
problem solving etc.
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description
of Different off the Job Training Methods(Contd.)
ii. Vestibule Training
• In vestibule training, the workers are trained in a prototype
environment on specific jobs in a special part of the plant
• An attempt is made to create working condition similar to the
actual workshop conditions
• After training workers in such condition, the trained workers
may be put on similar jobs in the actual workshop
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description
of Different off the Job Training Methods(Contd.)
ii. Vestibule Training(Contd.)
This enables the workers to secure training in the best methods to
work and to get rid of initial nervousness
During the Second World War II, this method was used to train a
large number of workers in a short period of time. It may also be used
as a preliminary to on-the job training. Duration ranges from few days
to few weeks
 It prevents trainees to commit costly mistakes on the actual
machines
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description
of Different off the Job Training Methods(Contd.)
iii Simulation Exercises
Simulation is any artificial environment exactly similar to the actual
situation
 There are four basic simulation techniques used for imparting training:
management games, case study, role playing, and in-basket training
Simulation Exercises include Management Games, Case Study, Role
Playing, In-basket Training etc.
What do you think regarding the difference between Vestibule Training&
Simulation Exercises?
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of Different off
the Job Training Methods(Contd.)
iii Simulation Exercises(Contd.)
(a) Management Games
Properly designed games help to develop -----------thinking habits,
analytical, logical and reasoning capabilities & to understand importance
of team work & develop team learning,
it develops the KSAs regarding time management&
develop Communication Skills, Leadership Skill, innovative Skills etc.
Management games orient a candidate regarding the application side of
the subject
Different games are used for training managers on the basis of the
requirements
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of Different off
the Job Training Methods(Contd.)
iii Simulation Exercises(Contd.)
(b) Case Study
Case studies are complex examples which give an insight into the
context of a problem as well as illustrating the main point
A case study allows the application of theoretical concepts thus bridging
the gap between theory & practice
encourages active learning, provides an opportunity for the development
of key skills such as communication, Team Work problem solving etc.
 And Case Study increases the trainees’ enjoyment of the topic &hence
their desire to learn
What do you think regarding the similarities between Management
Games& Case Study?
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of Different off the Job
Training Methods(Contd.)
iii Simulation Exercises(Contd.)
(c) Role Playing
Each trainee plays the role of a position
When the trainees plays the role of a position, he/she can understand the
expectations of the employee who are holding that position
(d) In-basket training
In-basket exercise, also known as in-tray training
consists of a set of business papers which may include e-mail SMSs,
reports, memos, and other items
 Now the trainer asks the trainee(s) to prioritize the decisions to be made
immediately &the ones that can be delayed
The trainer also asks the trainees to take decision regarding it
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of Different off the Job Training Methods(Contd.)

iv. Sensitivity Training

Sensitivity training is also known as laboratory / T-group training
T-group means training group
 This training is about making people understand about themselves & others
reasonably, which is done by developing in them social sensitivity and
behavioral flexibility. It is ability of an individual to sense what others feel and
think from their own point of view
It reveals information about his or her own personal functional & dysfunctional
behaviors, and things that he or she has in common with other members of the
group. It is the ability to behave properly according to the situation
Trainer abstains from acting as a group leader or lecturer
The group action, overall, is the goal as well as the process
iv. Sensitivity Training(Contd.)

Sensitivity training Program comprises three steps

4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of
Different off the Job Training Methods(Contd.)
v. Transactional Analysis
It provides trainees with a realistic and useful method for analyzing &
understanding the behavior of others
In every social interaction, there is a motivation provided by one
person/group & a reaction to that motivation given by another
person/group
This motivation reaction relationship between two persons/two
groups is known as a transaction
Transactional analysis can be done by the ego (system of feelings go
along with a related set of behaviors states of an individual)
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of
Different off the Job Training Methods(Contd.)
v. Transactional Analysis(Contd.)
The different types of Egos of the human beings are: Child Ego, Parent Ego &
Adult Ego
Child Ego
It is a collection of recordings in the brain of an individual of behaviors,
attitudes, and desire which come to him/her naturally from his/her own
understanding as a child
The characteristics of this ego are to be natural, forceful, unconfident,
dependent, probing(curious), anxious etc. Verbal evidence that a person is
operating from its child state are the use of words like “I guess”, “I suppose”,
etc. and non verbal clues like, giggling (laughing),
coyness(shyness/nervousness), silent, attention seeking etc.
4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of
Different off the Job Training Methods(Contd.)
v. Transactional Analysis(Contd.)
Parent Ego
It is a collection of recordings in the brain of an individual of behaviors, attitudes & desire
which come to him/her naturally from his/her own understanding as a parent
The characteristics of this ego are to be
overprotective, isolated, rigid, bossy, etc.
Verbal signs that a person is behaving from its parent states are the use of words like
always, should, never, etc.
non-verbal clues such as, raising eyebrows, pointing an accusing finger at somebody, etc.
It should be mentioned here that each of these three egos exists in each human being but
dominant one characterizes his Ego State
Trainer checks the Ego States of the trainees and provides learning regarding how the
trainee can transform his/her Child/Parent Ego into Adult Ego because it is the desirable
Ego
 4. Meaning of off the Job Training and Description of Different off the
Job Training Methods(Contd.)

v. Transactional Analysis(Contd.)
Adult Ego
It is a collection of recordings in the brain of an individual of
behaviors, attitudes & desire which come to him/her naturally from
his/her own understanding as an adult
Adult ego state means that I am in the present & will respond to a
situation or stimulus using my capacity as an adult for solving
problems, reality testing situations, being honest, direct and open
about what I am thinking and feeling and being spontaneous