Organizational

Behavior

P. Buckle Henning Fall 2013

Slides by Qianru Shi
 Chapter 3 Individual Differences and Perception

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Learning Objectives

 Define personality and how it affects

work behaviors

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 Personality

Personality:
Personality:
Personality Traits

Slides by Qianru Shi

 Personality Traits:
Positive and Negativity Affectivity

 A matter of moods…

Do you tend to feel positive much of the time?

Do you tend to feel happy when you are
work?
OR
Do you tend to feel negative (grumpy, frustrated,
anxious, nervous, etc.) much of the time? Do you
tend to notice “the glass half empty”
 Personality Traits:
Self-Monitoring

What words would others use to describe the way you

look?

Do people regularly comment on ways you behave

that you just don’t notice yourself?
 Personality Traits:
Proactivity

The inclination to:

Fix what you think is wrong
Take the initiative to solve problems
Change what’s not working
 Personality Traits:
Self-Esteem

What do you like about yourself?

What don’t you like about yourself?

Overall, do you spend more time thinking about what

you like about yourself or what you don’t?
 Personality Around the Globe –
Self-Reported Self-Esteem

Highest Lowest
1. Serbia 1. South Korea
2. Chile 2. Switzerland
3. Israel 3. Morocco
4. Peru 4. Slovakia
5. Estonia 5. Fiji
6. USA 6. Taiwan
7. Turkey 7. Czech Republic
8. Mexico 8. Bangladesh
9. Croatia 9. Hong Kong
10. Austria 10. Japan

Source: Adapted from information in Denissen, J.J.A., Penke, L., & Schmitt, D.P. (July 2008). Self-Esteem reactions to social interactions: Evidence for sociometer mechanisms
across days, people, and nations. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 95, 181-196; Hitti, M. (2005). Who’s No. 1 in Self-esteem? Serbia is tops, Japan ranks lowest, U.S. is
No. 6 in global survey. WebMD, http://www.webmd.com/skin-beauty/news/20050927/whos-number-1-in-self-esteem; Schmitt, D.P., & Allik, J. (2005). The simultaneous
administration of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale in 53 nationals: Culture-specific features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 623-642.
 Personality Traits:
Self-Efficacy

What tasks are difficult for you?

Do you tend to believe you can accomplish these tasks

or are you doubtful?

About what things are you low in self efficacy?

 Personality Traits:
Locus of Control

 Not to be confused with locusts of control:

 Overall, do you believe that you create your own success…

failure… destiny… ? (internal locus of control)

 Overall, do you believe that things happen to you because of

luck… what other people do/say… G_d/Allah…? (external locus of
control)
What Can You Do to Strengthen These?
OB Toolbox
Help, I work with a negative person!
OB Toolbox
Ways to Build Your Self-Confidence
Organizational
Behavior
Talya Bauer and Berrin Erdogan

Slides by Qianru Shi

 Chapter 3
Individual Differences and Perception

Learning Objectives

Explain the process of perception

and how it affects work
behaviors

© 2010 Jupiterimages Corporation

 Perception

Perception:
Perception:

© 2010 Jupiterimages Corporation

Self Perception
 Self Enhancement Bias

In what ways do you tend to overestimate your

performance and capabilities?

Who sees you more critically than you see yourself?

 Self Effacement Bias

In what areas of life do you tend to underestimate

your performance or capabilities?

Implications?
 False Consensus Error

Describe a circumstance when you overestimated how

similar another person was to you, or a situation
where you thought everyone agreed.
Did you think you must be right because you all
agreed?
What were the consequences?
Social Perception Errors
 Social Perception

First
Firstimpressions:
impressions:initial
initial
opinions
opinionswe weform
formabout
about
people
people
These
Thesetend
tendtotobe
bestable
stableand
and
resistant
resistanttotocontrary
contrary
information.
information.

© 2010 Jupiterimages Corporation

 Self Fulfilling Prophesy

Supervisor
forms
expectations

Employee’s Expectations
behavior matches affect supervisor’s
expectations behavior

Supervisor’s
behavior affects
employee
 Individual Differences and Ethics

Personality

Personal
Values

Culture

Ethics
Slides by Qianru Shi