ESTHETICS

IN
FIXED
PROSTHODON
TICS

1
 CONTENTS

1. Definitions
2. General factors influencing Esthetics
3. Factors affecting oral esthetics
4. Guidelines to preserve esthetics during
clinical procedures
 ESTHETICS
IS THE SENSE OF BEAUTY.

Esthetic dentistry
Art and science of dentistry applied to create or enhance the
beauty of an individual within functional and physiological
limits.

Why needed in fixed partial prosthodontics? ? ?

 GENERAL FACTORS AFFECTING ESTHETICS

- Cultural factors
(Older teeth , female teeth)

- Artistic factor
(Illumination and lines)
It has relations to 2 factors

1-proportion
2-Symmetry
MANY FACTORS THAT ARE PART OF BIOLOGIC OR
STRUCTURAL BEAUTY
DEPEND ON THE VISUALIZATION OF LINES.
The direction of lines can also create optical illusions.
Vertical lines = longer tooth
Horizontal lines = wide and short tooth

Imaginary anterio-posterior line

of the incisal edges/cusps tips
representing the curve of Spee
Lines & Planes
 APPEARANCE ZONE :

•This is the anterior oral area where esthetics is of prime

concern & which is visible on smiling, from maxillary premolar to
premolar (usually 1st molars also),.

•Depends on the person’s self-image, mouth size, teeth size,

smile width, lip size and tightness.
 FACTORS AFFECTING ORAL ESTHETICS

- Lip line , length, curvature of lips

- Incisal plane or smile line

- Gingival form

- Phonetics

- Age

- Sex
FACTORS OF ESTHETIC DENTOFACIAL
COMPOSITION

A.FACIAL COMPONENTS:
1. References:
a. Horizontal references
-Interpupillary line
-Ophriac line
-Commissural line

b. Vertical references:
-Facial midline
 d. Phonetic references:
"M" sound: amount of incisal display at rest.
"F" or "V" sounds: lingual tilt of the maxillary central
incisor
length.
"S" and "Z" sounds: vertical dimension of speech.
•The amount of tooth exposure when lips part slightly in a
relative rest state governed by muscles.
•Age
•Short upper lips : upper inciso r
•Long upper lips: lower incisorss
Young Old
4. Components of the Smile:

a. Lip line :
Upper lip line:

• Exposure of teeth at rest/smiling and gingival margins on

smiling.
• Evaluate the need for esthetic gingival contouring/crown
lengthening in anterior area.
 Lower lip line helps to evaluate buccolingual position of the
Incisal edge of the maxillary incisors and the curvature of the

Incisal plane.

Incisal edge position:

INCISAL EDGE POSITION AT REST ON SMILING

Smile line or incisal curve is composed of the incisal edges of
the maxillary anterior teeth and parallels the inner curvature of
the lower lip.

•Degree of curvature more pronounced in women than in

men.
SMILE SYMMETRY:

•Perceived in reference to central midline.

•Horizontal and radiating symmetry.

•In a natural pleasing smile, pleasing tooth symmetry is found

close to the midline and pleasing irregularity away from the
midline, creating a balance between idealism and diversity.
GUIDELINES TO PRESERVE ESTHETICS DURING
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
•Soft tissue management

•Tooth reduction

•Shade matching

•Tooth color and variations

•Tooth form , size & position

•Degree of gloss

•Surface characterization

•Illusion
B. DENTAL COMPONENTS:

1. Dental midline :

•Anatomical landmarks like the incisive pa pilla or

the labial frenum..
•Not necessarily should coincide with
facial midline.
•Balance and symmetry.

2. Tooth proportion:

• Golden proportion (61.8 %)

• Proportion determined by face form
• Proportion by statistical
“A” 85% ratio, square appearance.
averages (75-89%) “B” 78% ratio, normal ratio.
“C” 65% ratio, teeth appear taller.
3. AXIAL INCLINATION:

4. Teeth arrangement:

10.2 mm

20
 Arch form

21
5. Gradation :

Front-back progression
6. TEETH
y
MORPHOLOGY :

a. Contact area:

b. Texture :

•Texture can be noted by the light tion

reflec pattern.

• The surface texture of a crown should imulate

s
the reflectance pattern of the adjacent
natural teeth.
C. CHARACTERIZATION :
nd

According to age, sex

personality.
F
r
u
s
h

a
n
d

F
i
s
Incisal embrasures increaseh
toward canine. e
E. LINE ANGLES:

•Transition from the labial surface at the

mesial and distal lobes to the interproxim al
embrasures.

•Changes in their positions control

the appearance of the width of the tooth
and affect light reflection pattern.

f. Emergence Profile:
A tooth's emergence profile is the angle at which the tooth
emerges from the gums when viewed from the side.
7. Symmetry:

Automatically obtained if previous

principles are followed.
C. GINGIVAL COMPONENTS:

•Gingival line
•Gingival apex/zenith
•Gingival contour and scallopin g
•Gingival embrasure
•Gingival symmetry
D. PHYSICAL COMPONENTS:

Perception:
Visual perception is:
•· Increased by increasing contrast
•· Increased by increasing light refl ection
•· Increased by decreasing light def lection

Illusion:
•Is the art of changing perception making an object appear
different than it actually is.

•Principle of Illumination
•Principle of Lines

•Solve/hide esthetically difficult situations.

NARROWING

WIDENING

SHORTENING

LENGTHENING
COLOR:

1. BASE COLOR :
Base color is selected on the basis of hue, chroma and value selection
using shade guides and tabs, comparing with adjacent teeth.

2. INTERPROXIMAL :
Interproximal color provides a silhouette for the tooth.
Dark colors makes teeth look smaller while no change in color will give a
broader appearance.
 3. GINGIVAL
THIRD :
•Enamel gets thinner in the gingival third of teeth so darker dentin
shows through and the area looks more yellow.
•Staining .

4. INCISAL EDGE :
The incisal edge is translucent enamel resulting in translucency, a halo
effect, or no change as it is worn away with age.

5. CHARACTERIZATION :
•There are many different colors which can occur within a tooth as
might be seen with craze lines or hypocalcifications.
•Staining.
TRANSLUCENCY:

•Degree to which light is transmitted rather than reflected.

OPALESCENCE:

•Important component of the perceived enamel colour

•Subtle bluish gleam characteristic appearance.
THANK YOU