Optical 

fiber characteris
tics
 Optical-fiber systems have many advantages over metallic-based
communication systems. These advantages include interference, attenuation,
and bandwidth characteristics.
Interference

 Light signals traveling via a fiber-optic cable are immune from

electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio-frequency interference (RFI).
Lightning and high-voltage interference is also eliminated.
Linear Characteristics

 Attenuation
 Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion
 Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Attenuation

 Intrinsic Attenuation
 Extrinsic Attenuation
Intrinsic Attenuation

 Intrinsic attenuation results from materials inherent to the fiber. It is caused

by impurities in the glass during the manufacturing process. As precise as
manufacturing is, there is no way to eliminate all impurities. When a light
signal hits an impurity in the fiber, one of two things occurs: It scatters or it
is absorbed.
Scatatting
Extrinsic Attenuation

 Extrinsic attenuation can be caused by two external mechanisms:

macrobending or microbending.
Bending radios
 Chromatic Dispersion
 The most familiar example of dispersion is probably a rainbow, in which dispersion causes
the spatial separation of a white light into components of
different wavelengths (different colors).
Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio

 The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) specifies the ratio of the net signal
power to the net noise power and thus identifies the quality of the signal


fiber optic technologies

 Convential “ fiber optics cable laying “

 Air blown fiber
Convential “ fiber optics cable laying “
 Duct rodder
 Pulling between
 manholes through the ducts
Air blown fiber

 Air blown machine