Biometrics Technology

Nityesh Bhatt
 E-Business Security
Conventional Means
– What You know
– What You Have
 Biometrics
Study of methods for uniquely recognizing
humans based upon one or more intrinsic
traits
– Physiological characteristics: fingerprints,
retinas, irises, facial patterns (FERET) 80
points, voice, palm prints and hand
measurements 96 points.
– Behavioural characteristics include gait,
signature, keystrokes etc.

Verification Vs Identification

Biometric Means: What You Are

 Biometrics
As a Characteristics, it is a measurable biological
and behavioral Characteristic that can be used for
automated recognition.
As a Process, it encompasses automated methods
of recognizing an individual based on measurable
biological and behavioral Characteristic.
 Biometrics Operation
One-Time Activity
– Individual registration/ enrolment (multiple samples)
with the biometric system through one or more of
physiological and behavioural characteristics
– Creation of digital template by a numerical algorithm
– Entry into a database

Recurring Bio-metric Activity ??

 Biometrics Operation
• Based on matching, at the
point of transaction, the
information obtained by the
scan of a "live" biometric
sample to a prestored, static
"match template" created
when the user originally
enrolled in the security
system.
• 30 minutiae in a typical
fingerprint image. As per FBI,
no two individuals can have
more than 8 common
minutiae.
What is Hamming distance, False Rejection (Type 1) FRR (FNMR),
False Acceptance (Type 2) FAR (FMR);
Variability Vs. Security Threshold/ Trade-off
 Biometric Functionality
Universality
Uniqueness
Permanence
Measurability (collectability)
Performance
Acceptability
Circumvention
Source: A.K Jain,R. Bolle and S. Pankanti (1999),
“Biometrics. Personal Identification in Network Society”

What is Multi-modal biometric system ??

 Biometric Technologies
Devices based on physiological characteristics of
a person (such as the fingerprint or hand
geometry).

Systems based on behavioral characteristics of a

person (such as signature dynamics).

Which will be more reliable or accurate??