7.3 Relations Between Distributed Load, Shear and Moment

7.
3 Relations between Distributed

Load, Shear and Moment
Distributed Load
 Consider beam AD subjected to an arbitrary
load w = w(x) and a series of concentrated
forces and moments
 Distributed load assumed positive when loading
acts downwards
7.3 Relations between Distributed
Distributed Load
 A FBD diagram for a small
segment of the beam having a
length ∆x is chosen at point x
along the beam which is not
subjected to a concentrated force
or couple moment
 Any results obtained will not apply
at points of concentrated loadings
Distributed Load
 The internal shear force and bending
moments shown on the FBD are
assumed to act in the positive sense
 Both the shear force and moment
acting on the right-hand face must
be increased by a small, finite
amount in order to keep the segment
in equilibrium
Distributed Load
 The distributed loading has been replaced by a
resultant force ∆F = w(x) ∆x that acts at a
fractional distance k (∆x) from the right end,
where 0 < k <1
   Fy  0;V  w( x)x  (V  V )  0
V   w( x)x
 M  0;Vx  M  w( x)x k  x    ( M  M )  0
M  Vx  w( x)k (x) 2
Distributed Load
dV
  w( x)
dx
Slope of the = Negative of
shear diagram distributed load intensity
dM
V
dx
Slope of = Shear moment diagram
Distributed Load
 At a specified point in a beam, the slope of the
shear diagram is equal to the intensity of the
distributed load
 Slope of the moment diagram = shear
 If the shear is equal to zero, dM/dx = 0, a point
of zero shear corresponds to a point of maximum
(or possibly minimum) moment
 w (x) dx and V dx represent differential area
under the distributed loading and shear diagrams
Distributed Load
VBC    w( x) dx
Change in = Area under
shear shear diagram
M BC   Vdx
Change in = Area under

moment shear diagram
Distributed Load
 Change in shear between points B and C is
equal to the negative of the area under the
distributed-loading curve between these
points
 Change in moment between B and C is equal
to the area under the shear diagram within
region BC
 The equations so not apply at points where
concentrated force or couple moment acts
Force
 FBD of a small segment of
the beam
   Fy  0; V   F
 Change in shear is negative
thus the shear will jump
downwards when F acts
downwards on the beam
Force
 FBD of a small segment of the
beam located at the couple
moment
 M  0; M  M O
 Change in moment is positive
or the moment diagram will
jump upwards MO is clockwise
Example 7.9
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beam.
Solution
Support Reactions
 FBD of the beam
Solution
Shear Diagram
V = +1000 at x = 0
V = 0 at x = 2
Since dV/dx = -w = -500, a straight negative sloping
line connects the end points
Solution
Moment Diagram
M = -1000 at x = 0
M = 0 at x = 2
dM/dx = V, positive yet linearly decreasing from
dM/dx = 1000 at x = 0 to dM/dx = 0 at x = 2
Example 7.10
cantilevered beam.
Solution
Support Reactions
 FBD of the beam
Solution
 At the ends of the beams,
when x = 0, V = +1080
when x = 2, V = +600
 Uniform load is downwards and slope of
the shear diagram is constant
dV/dx = -w = - 400 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.2
 The above represents a change in shear
Solution
V    w( x)dx  400(1.2)  480
V x 1.2
V x 0
 (480)  1080  480  600
 Also, by Method of Sections, for equilibrium,
V  600
 Change in shear = area under the load
diagram at x = 1.2, V = +600
Solution
 Since the load between 1.2 ≤ x ≤ 2, w =
0, slope dV/dx = 0, at x = 2, V = +600
Shear Diagram
Solution
when x = 0, M = -1588
when x = 2, M = -100
 Each value of shear gives the slope of the
moment diagram since dM/dx = V
at x = 0, dM/dx = +1080
at x = 1.2, dM/dx = +600
 For 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.2, values of the shear diagram are
positive but linearly increasing
Solution
 Moment diagram is parabolic with a linearly
decreasing positive slope
 Moment Diagram
Solution
 Magnitude of moment at x = 1.2 = -580
 Trapezoidal area under the shear diagram =
change in moment
M   Vdx
1
 600(1.2)  (1080  600)(1.2)  1008
2
M x 1.2  M x 0  1008
 1588  1008  580
Solution
 By Method of Sections,
at x = 1.2, M = -580
 Moment diagram has a constant slope for 1.2 ≤

x ≤ 2 since dM/dx = V = +600
 Hence, at x = 2, M = -100
Example 7.11
shaft. The support at A is a thrust bearing
and the support at B is a journal bearing.
Solution
Support Reactions
 FBD of the supports
Solution
when x = 0, V = +3.5
when x = 8, V = -3.5
Shear Diagram
Solution
 No distributed load on the shaft, slope dV/dx =
-w = 0
 Discontinuity or “jump” of the shear diagram at
each concentrated force
 Change in shear negative when the force acts
downwards and positive when the force acts
upwards
 2 kN force at x = 2m changes the shear from
3.5kN to 1.5kN
 3 kN force at x = 4m changes the shear from
1.5kN to -1.5kN
Solution
 By Method of Sections, x = 2m and V =
1.5kN
Solution
when x = 0, M = 0
when x = 8, M = 0
Moment Diagram
Solution
 Area under the shear diagram = change in
moment
M   Vdx  3.5(2)  7
M x2
M x 0
7  07  7
 Also, by Method of Sections,
x  2m, M  7 kN .m
Example 7.12
beam.
View Free Body Diagram
Solution
Support Reactions
 FBD of the beam
Solution
 At A, reaction is up,
vA = +100kN
 No load acts between A and C so shear remains
constant, dV/dx = -w(x) = 0
 600kN force acts downwards, so the shear jumps
down 600kN from 100kN to -500kN at point B
 No jump occur at point D where the 4000kN.m
coupe moment is applied since ∆V = 0
Solution
Shear Diagram
 Slope of moment from A to C is constant

since dM/dx = V = +100
Solution
Moment Diagram
Solution
 Determine moment at C by Method of Sections
where MC = +1000kN or by computing area
under the moment
∆MAC = (100kN)(10m) = 1000kN
Solution
 Since MA = 0, MC = 0 + 1000kN.m = 1000kN.m
 From C to D, slope, dM/dx = V = -500
 For area under the shear diagram between C and
D, ∆MCD = (-500kN)(5m) = -2500kN, so that MD
= MC + ∆MCD = 1000 – 2500 = -1500kN.m
 Jump at point D caused by concentrated couple
moment of 4000kN.m
 Positive jump for clockwise couple moment
Solution
 At x = 15m, MD = - 1500 + 4000 = 2500kN.m
 Also, by Method of Sections, from point D,
slope dM/dx = -500 is maintained until the
diagram closes to zero at B

7.3 Relations Between Distributed Load, Shear and Moment

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7.

3 Relations between Distributed

Change in = Area under

 Moment diagram has a constant slope for 1.2 ≤

 Slope of moment from A to C is constant

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