Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basic Concepts of
Metabolism
Dr Ojeh
Reading:
Chapter 8: Lippincott’s Illustrated Biochemistry
Chapter 11: Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry, A Clinical Approach
Lecture Objectives:
• degradation
• convergent
• “oxidative”
• products:
ATP
FADH2
NADH
NADPH
Catabolism
•Catabolic reactions capture chemical energy (as ATP)
from the breakdown of complex energy-rich molecules
• synthesis
• “reductive”
• divergent
• uses ATP
• products:
NAD+
FAD
ADP
NADP+
Anabolism
•Anabolic reactions take small molecules and combine
them to form more complex molecules
• intercellular signals
Intercellular signals
Intercellular signalling
Chemical messengers (signalling molecules)
- Transmit messages between cells
Response:
1.Affect cellular ion
levels
2. Activation/inhibition
of enzymes
3.Change in gene
expression
Receptor-mediated Signal Transduction
(Extracellular signals)
• second messenger
is cAMP
• cAMP activates
protein kinase A
• protein kinase A
phosphorylates
target proteins
• phosphodiesterase
hydrolyzes cAMP to
5’-AMP
G-protein coupled receptor (GPRC)
produce intracellular 2nd messengers
• Phosphoinositide system:
• 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate (IP3)
• Calcium
• Diacylglycerol (DAG)
• Protein kinase C
Phosphoinositide system
phosphorylates
substrate proteins
resulting in cellular
responses