CHAPTER NO.

03

OSI MODEL
*Introduction of OSI
* Difference B/W ISO & OSI.

* What is DOD, OSI Reference , ISO

* Layer Architecture

* Layer Organization.
Layers in the TCP/IP
protocol suite
Encapsulation and DE capsulation
* The MODEL
* The Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model
is a layered Frame work for design of network
system.
*OSI versus TCP/IP
*Peer-to-peer process
* The process on each machine that communicate
at a given layer are called p-to-p.

* Protocols appropriate ta a given layer.

* Headers and Trailers

* Header added from 6,5,4,3 and trailer at 2 .

* Physical layer
* The physical layer transmit a bit stream over a
physical medium

* it deal with the mechanical and electrical

specification

* It also define the procedure and functions that

physical device and interface perform for
transmission.
* physical layer
* Physical characteristics of Interface and medium

* Representation of bits: ( define the type of encoding)

* Data Rate

* Synchronization of bits

* Line configuration

* Physical Topology
* Data Link
* The data link layer transform the physical
layer , it is responsible for Node-to-Node
delivery.
* It make the physical layer appear error free.
*Data Link
* Framing

* Physical addressing

* Flow control

* Error control

* Access control
* Network Layer
* The network layer function, source –to- destination
delivery of packets across multiple networks.

* Difference of data link (packets)

* The N/W layer ensure that each packets gets from

( Origin to its final Destination).
* Network layer

* Logical Addressing :

* Routing : Internetwork( a N/W of N/w) or a

large network. Route the packets to their
final destination.
* Transport Layer
* The transport layer , Source to Destination (end-to-
end) delivery of entire message.

* Network Layer delivery of packets.

* Itsdoesn’t recognize any relationship b/w those

packets.

* Transport layer may create a connection b/w two

end ports. Conntion Establish, data transfer,
connection release.

* Transport layer more control over , sequencing, flow

,error detection, and correction
* Transport layer
* Service- point addressing:- computer often run several
program at the same time. Port Address, the network
layer gets each packets to the corrects computer.

* Segmentation and reassemble:-

* Connection control: Connection less, Connection

oriented.

* Flow Control & Error control.

* Session Layer
* Thefirst three layers , are not sufficient for
some process

* The session layer is network dialog controller.

* itestablish , maintain, and synchronizes the

interaction between communicating system.

* Synchronization. A process to add check points.

* Presentation layer
* The presentation layer is concerned with syntax
and semantics of the information exchanged b/w
two system.

* Translation:Different computer use different

encoding system.

* Encryption : To carry sensitive Information.

* Compression: Multimedia
* Application Layer
* The application layer enable the user, human
or software to access the network.

* Provide user interface and support for services.

* Email, remote file , transfer , shared data

base etc.

* x.400 , x.500, FTAM,

* NetworkVirtual terminal: Allow user to log on to a
remote host.

* FTAM :

* Mail Services:

* Directory Services :provides distributed database

source and access for global information about
various object and services.
Associate with people in Such a way,
that U have Passed away thy will cry for u,
and while u are alive thy will seek ur Company.

Hazrat Ali (As)

(78A h 427)