Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture 04
Lecture 04
Management
Systems
Lecture - 4
Today’s Review
Continue 3-L architecture
Data Independence
Different aspect of DBMS
Level 3
Internal or Physical
View
Concerns about the physical implementation of
the database
Internal View
DBMS chooses type of data structures
lays out data on storage devices with operating
system access methods
Internal View
Internal record: a single stored record
Does not just contain what we see at the
conceptual level
DBMS adds other data
Physical Level
Generally same as Internal
Actual representation of data on the
storage device
In the binary format
OS responsibility
Inter-Schema
Mappings
Also a part of 3-level architecture
External/conceptual mapping
Conceptual/Internal
Ext/Con Mapping
Specifies mapping between objects in the
external view to those in the logical model
Con/Int Mapping
Specifies mapping between objects in the
logical model to those in the physical model-
data independence
3-Level Architecture
User 1 User 2 User n
External Level View 1 View 2 View n
Ext/Con Mapping
Conceptual Level Conceptual
Schema
Con/Int Mapping
Internal
Internal Level
Schema
Physical Data
Organization Database
First Name: Rana Name: R. Aslam
Last Name: Aslam Saleema Age: 24y,10d
Date of Birth: Dept: Sales
12 Sep, 1970
Saleem
01110011010011100101001010100101010010101…..
Data
Independence
Data Independence
A major outcome of 3-L Arch
The immunity of applications to change in
storage structure and access strategy
Data Independence
Changes in lower level do not affect the
upper levels
Don’t take it word to word
Mind the direction please
Data Independence
Types
• Logical Data Independence
Physical Data
Organization Database
Functions of DBMS
Data Processing
A User Accessible Catalog
Transaction Support
Concurrency Control Services
Functions of DBMS
Recovery Services
Authorization Services
Support for Data Communication
Integrity Services
DBMS Environments
Single User
Multi-user
Teleprocessing
File Servers
Client-Server
Teleprocessing
All processing at
a central computer
Dumb Terminals
File Servers
File Server
Database
LAN
Workstation Workstation
Client-Server
Server
Database (with DBMS)
LAN
Client Client
Today’s Summary
Completed 3-L architecture
Discussion on DBMS
Thanks and
Allah Hafiz
Database
Management
Systems
Lecture - 4