THEME 4: Light, Waves & Optic

CHAPTER 5

WAVES
Prepared by: Teacher NurlailieMJ
5.1 FUNDAMENTALS OF WAVES

5.1.1 Describe waves

5.1.2 State the type of waves
5.1.3 Compare transverse waves and longitudinal waves
5.1.4 Explain characteristics of waves
5.1.5 Sketch and interpret waves graphs
5.1.6 Determine wavelength, frequency and wave speed
What is wave ?
Transferring of energy from a vibrating or
oscillating system.
Light wave

Water wave

Examples

Sound wave

Electromagnetic
wave
All waves carry energy without
transferring matter….
As the waves travel, it transfers energy
from one place to another without
transferring matter.
The particles of the medium vibrate about
the equilibrium positions when a wave
travels through a medium.
Type of waves…

Waves

Progressive
Stationary wave
wave

The wave profile

propagates with time The wave profile does
along the direction of not propagate with
propagation of the wave   time
Progressive waves…

Waves

Transverse Longitudinal

The oscillations is The oscillations are

perpendicular to the parallel to the direction
direction of propagation of of propagation of the
the wave wave
 Waves also can be classified as....
• Requires medium to transfer energy from
one point to another
• Made up of vibrating particles of a medium
Mechanical • Examples: water waves, seismic waves on
waves the surface of the Earth

• Does not require medium to transfer energy

• Made up of oscillating electric and magnetic
fields perpendicular to one another
Electromagnetic • Examples: radio waves, light waves &
waves gamma ray
What is Wavefronts ?
An imaginary lines joining all the
points of the same phase.

Directionof propagation of the wave is

perpendicular to its wavefronts.
Describing waves
Wavelength, • Distance between two adjacent points of
λ the same phase of the wave.

Amplitude, a
• Maximum displacement from the
equilibrium position.

• Number of complete oscillation made

Frequency, f by a particle in one second.

Wave speed, • The measurement of how fast a crest is

v moving from a fixed point.

• The time taken for an oscillation to

Period, T complete one cycle.
Graphical Representation of Waves
Displacement-Time Graph
Displacement-Distance Graph
Speed of Waves, v
 

 
∴

Unit = ms-1
Evaluation…
1. Describes the motion of a particular
wave. Determine the
a) Amplitude
b) Period
c) Frequency of the wave
Evaluation…
2. Describes the motion of a particular
wave with a frequency of 25 Hz.
Determine the
a) Amplitude
b) Wavelength
c) Wave speed