Steam turbines and condensers

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 LP Steam turbine view

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 Steam turbine stage

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 Cut view of multi stage steam turbine

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 Steam Nozzle

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Impulse stage pressure and velocity diagrams

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 Steam flow through the stage

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 Advantages of impulse stage

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 Reaction stage

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Steam leakage in a reaction stage is due to the pressure drop
across the stage (multistage)
impulse stage for HP and reaction stages for the IP and LP

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 Turbine construction

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 Turbine arrangements

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 Turbine arrangement

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 Turbine arrangement

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 Turbine arrangement

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 Turbine components

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 Extracted steam for FWH

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 Steam turbine shaft bearings

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 Relative deformation and clearance
between the rotor and the stator

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 Turbine shaft and generator shaft coupling

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 Low speed rotation during shut down
(Turning Gear)

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 Earlier machines disks were shrunk on to the
rotor shaft.
(Steam leakage may destroy the shaft)

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 Disks and the shaft are forged in one piece
and then machined

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 Disks are welded together,
thus eliminating the shaft

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 Placement of the diaphragm and the stationary blades

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 leakage in back pressure and condensing turbines

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 Gland seals to reduce leakage

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 Spring loaded metallic strips push slightly
toward the rotor slots/grooves

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 Labyrinth seals

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Live steam at start up is maintained at 3 psig by the live steam
valve, while the leak off valve is regulated at 5 psig

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 Lubrication System

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Coolers of tube and shell type connected in
parallel (stand-by)

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 Moisture in oil extraction (moisture from steam
and hydrogen from the generator)

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 Oil tank components and filtration

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 Oil Filter

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 Hydraulic System and steam flow control

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 New position of steam control valve

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 Combination of lubrication and hydraulic
systems

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 Main oil pump is located in the front of the
pedestal and is driven directly by the turbine shaft

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 Auto-Start Operations

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 Condenser placement

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 Condenser placement

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 Classical condenser placement

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 One pass condenser

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Cooling water to steam mass flow rate ratio
Exhaust steam to condensate enthalpy ratio

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 Double pass tube and shell condenser

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 Cooling water conditioning

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 Cooling water conditioning

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 Chemical dispersant to keep solids in
suspension

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Condenser vacuum system
cooling water side

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Condenser vacuum system, steam side
Steam Jet Air Ejector SJAE

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 High pressure and low pressure SJAE

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The rise of the pressure inside the condenser should be
less than 1 in Hg in 30 minutes (test is done with
stopped vacuum pump)

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