The Nature of Analytical Chemistry

Lecture 1

Outline
‡Introduction to analytical chemistry (1A) ‡Classification of types of analysis (1B) ‡Steps in a typical quantitative analysis (1C)

Introduction to analytical chemistry

quantitative inorganic analysis

Introduction to analytical chemistry

quantitative
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inorganic

analysis

‡ analysis -

the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it chemical analysis is the break down of chemical processes and examine chemical reactions between elements of matter

Introduction to analytical chemistry

analyte and sample

Introduction to analytical chemistry

‡ importance of analytical chemistry

The inter-disciplinary nature of chemical analysis makes it a vital tool in medical, industrial, government, and academic laboratories throughout the world

Classification of types of analysis

‡ According to extent of analysis ‡ According to level of analyte ‡ According to method of analysis ‡ According to amount of sample

Classification of types of analysis

‡ According to extent of analysis ‡ According to level of analyte ‡ According to method of analysis ‡ According to amount of sample

Methods of analysis
‡ Gravimetric
- determines mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it

‡ Volumetric

- determines volume of reagent that reacts with analyte - measurement of electrical properties - measurement of interaction of radiation and the analyte

‡ Electroanalytical

‡ Spectroscopic

Classification of types of analysis

‡ According to extent of analysis ‡ According to level of analyte ‡ According to method of analysis ‡ According to amount of sample

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

Choosing a method
‡ accuracy vs cost

‡ numbers of samples vs cost

‡ nature of sample

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

Acquiring the sample

‡ sampling methods and techniques

‡ homogenize sample

‡ assay and sampling

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

Processing the sample

‡ preparing laboratory samples (grind, digest, etc.)

‡ defining replicate samples ‡ preparing solutions (choice of solvent, preservation of analyte, measurable sample property proportional to analyte concentration)

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

Eliminating interferences
‡ most analytes have common properties with similar compounds

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

Calibrating and measuring concentration

‡ cA = kX (except in gravimetric and coulometric methods)

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

Calculating results
‡ data transformations, etc.

Steps in a typical quantitative analysis

Evaluating results by estimating their reliability

‡ calibration curve