ANOVA

Analysis of variance
Standard deviation

• in statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or

dispersion of a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values
tend to be close to the mean of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates
that the values are spread out over a wider range.
variance

• In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the

squared deviation of a random variable from its mean. Informally, it
measures how far a set of numbers is spread out from their average
value
Definition
• Analysis of variance is a collection of statistical models and their
associated estimation procedures used to analyze the differences
among group means in a sample. ANOVA was developed by the
statistician Ronald Fisher.
Assumptions
ANOVA assumes that the data is normally distributed.
The ANOVA also assumes homogeneity of variance, which means
that the variance among the groups should be approximately equal. 
ANOVA also assumes that the observations are independent of each
other.
One way ANOVA
• One-Way ANOVA ("analysis of variance") compares the means of two
or more independent groups in order to determine whether there is
statistical evidence that the associated population means are
significantly different. One-Way ANOVA is a parametric test. This test
is also known as: One-Factor ANOVA.
Degrees of Freedom

• N-1 are the degrees of freedom within group

• K-1 are the degree of freedom among group
• F=5.394
Source of variance df ss MSS
Degree of freedom
Among groups K-1=2 28.17 14.085
Within groups N-k=9 2.611 2.611
Total 11
Hypothesis

• Null hypothesis= Ho
no effect of noice on number of question solved
• Alternative hypothsis= A0
There is correlation between the number of question solved and noice
intensity
• calculated F > F table
• Alpha =0.05 means error is 5% and 95% confidence level
• And there is correlation between the noise iensity and number
question solved
Alternative hypothsis is correct