Boundary Layers

External Incompressible Viscous Flow – Boundary Layer

Freestream Velocity, U∞
Approach y Boundary Layer
Velocity Inviscid
of Thickness, δ
V Flow
Viscous
x vx = f (x, y)

Flow over a flat plate

vx = f (x, y) Viscous 2D flow inside BL vx = 0.99U∞

vx = U∞ Inviscid flow outside BL at y = δ

δ - boundary layer thickness

 Flow Inside the Boundary Layer

 vx  vx   2 vx  2 vx 
vx  vy  2  2 
x y  x y 
Boundary Layer Approximations
 vx  v x  2 vx  2 v x
vx v y   2
y x y 2
x

 vx  vx  2 vx
vx  vy 
x y  y2

Exact Method – Blasius – Numerical Solution

Approximate Method – Momentum Integral Equation

Boundary Layer Thicknesses
Momentum Thickness
Blasius Solution
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.

d3 f d2 f
2 3  f 0
d d 2
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.
Blasius Solution – contd.