FOUNDATIONS OF

CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
 Desired Learning Outcomes

► Describe the foundations of curriculum

development

► Explain how each foundation influences the

curriculum development
 Content Focus

Foundations Of Curriculum

1. Philosophical Foundations

2. Historical Foundations

3. Psychological Foundation of Curriculum

 Philosophies In Education presented by Ornstein and
Hunkins(2004)
A. Perennialism
• Aim: To educate the rational person;
cultivate intellect
• Role: Teachers assist students to
think w/ reason
• Focus: Classical subjects, literary
analysis.
• Trends: Use of great books
C.Progressivism
• Aim: Promote democratic social living
• Role: Teacher leads for growth and
development of lifelong learners
• Focus: Interdisciplinary subjects.
Learner-centered. Outcomes-based.
• Trends: Equal opportunities for all,
Contextualized curriculum.
B. Essentialism
• Aim: To promote intellectual growth of
learners to become competent
• Role: Teachers are sole authorities in
the subject area
• Focus: Essential skills of the 3Rs;
• Trends: Back to basics, excellence in
education, cultural literacy
D.Reconstructionism
• Aim: To improve and reconstruct
society. Education for change
• Role: Teacher acts as agent of
change and reforms
• Focus: Present and future educational
landscape
• Trends: School and curricular reform,
Global Education.
 Historical Foundations
Persons
Persons Contributions/Theories
Contributions/Theoriesand
andPrinciples
Principles
• He started the curriculum movement.

Franklin Bobbit
(1876-1956)

• Like Bobbit, he posited that curriculum

is science and emphasizes stdents'
needs.

Werret Charters(1875-1952)
 Persons
Persons Contributions/Theories
Contributions/Theoriesand
andPrinciples
Principles
• Curricula are purposeful activities
which are child centered.

William Kilpartick(1875-1952)

• Curriculum should develop the whole

child. It is child centered.

Harold Rugg (1886-1960)

 Persons
Persons Contributions/Theories
Contributions/Theoriesand
andPrinciples
Principles
• Curriculum is organized around social
functions of themes, organized
knowledge and learner's interest.

Hollis Caswell (1901-1989)

• Curriculum is a science and an

extension of school's philosophy.

Ralph Tyler (1902-1994)

 Persons
Persons Contributions/Theories
Contributions/Theoriesand
andPrinciples
Principles

• She contributed to the theoretical and

pedagogical foundations of concepts
development and critical thinking in
social studies curriculum.

Hida Taba (1902-1967)

• He described how curriculum change

is a cooperative endeavor.

Peter Oliva (1992-2012)

Psychological Foundation of Curriculum

3.1 Association and Behaviorism

3.2 Cognitive Information Processing Theory

 Persons
Persons Contributions/Theories
Contributions/Theoriesand
andPrinciples
Principles

• He is the father of the Classical

Conditioning Theory.

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

• He championed the Connectionism

Theory.
• He proposed the three laws of
learning.
- Law of readiness
- Law of exercise
- Law of effect

Edward Thorndike (1874-1949)

 Persons
Persons Contributions/Theories
Contributions/Theoriesand
andPrinciples
Principles

• He proposed the Hierarchical Learning

Theory . Learning follows a hierarchy.

Robert Gagne
Cognitive Development:
- Sensorimotor stage, Preoperational
stage, Concrete operations stage &
Formal Operations.

►Keys to Learning
1. Assimilation
2. Accommodation
3. Equilibration

Jean Piaget
 Lev Vygotsky Howard Gardner
►Theories of Lev Vygotsky ►Gardner's mutiple intelligences

Daniel Goleman
► Emotional Quotient
3.1 Humanistic Psychology

► Gestalt Theory
 ► Key to Learning

Produce a healthy and happy learner

who can accomplish, grow and actualize
his or her human self.

Abraham Maslow
 ► Key to Learning

Curriculum is concerned with process, not

product; personal needs, not subject matter,
psychological meaning, not cognitive scores.

Carl Rogers
 Social Foundations of Curriculum
• Schools and Society

► Society as a source of change

► Schools as agents of change
► Knowledge as an agent of change
• John Dewey
► Two fundamental elements : schools and civil society

• Alvin Toffler
►Believed that knowledge should prepare students for the
future.