Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Boniya P Bochan
MBA - A
PURCHASING
Purchasing is responsible for the
procurement process. This means it
ensures the supply of goods,
production materials and equipment
so that a smooth production and
sales process can take place. For this,
goods must be procured at the right
time, in the right quantity, and of the
right quantity.
If the purchasing process falls down, there's a risk that the business will
not be able to manufacture products or keep the shelves stocked with
sufficient volume to meet customer demand.
TYPES OF PURCHASES
On the basis of purchase type:
• Personal Purchases.
• Mercantile Purchasing.
• Industrial Purchasing.
• Institutionalized or government purchasing.
On the basis of size and requirements of the organization:
• Centralized
• Decentralized
Type of Purchase Description Examples
Raw materials Items with a lack of processing by the supplier into a Petroleum, coal, lumber, copper, zinc, gold, and silver
newly formed product. Often these raw materials are not
of equal quality and are purchased by “grade.”
Semi-finished products and components All items purchased from a supplier required to support Components, subassemblies, assemblies, subsystems, and
an organization’s final that are production. systems (seat assembly, steering assembly, doors, and
posts)
Finished products Products for internal use or products that require no Furniture, computers, cars, and carts
major processing before resale to the end customer.
Maintenance, repair, and operating items (MRO) Items that do not go directly into an organization’s Spare parts, office and cleaning supplies
product but are required to run the business.
Production support items Materials required for packaging and shipping. Tape, bags, inserts, and shrink-wrap
Services Services required to support the facility or the business. Customer support, temporary labor, facilities, and legal
Capital equipment Assets intended to be used for more than one year. Machinery, computer systems, and material-handling
equipment
Transportation and third-party purchasing A specialized type of service buying to manage inbound Rail, truck, ocean, 3PL, and multimodal
and outbound material flows.
METHODS OF PURCHASING
1. Purchasing by Requirement:
2. Market Purchasing
3. Speculative Purchasing
4. Purchasing for Specific Future Period:
5. Contract Purchasing:
6. Scheduled Purchasing:
7. Group Purchasing of Small Items:
8. Co-operative Purchasing:
TYPES OF METHODS OF
PURCHASING
• Keep Petty Cash on Hand
• Formalized Purchase Orders
• Convenient Purchase Cards
• Barter for Goods or Services
• Save with Bulk Purchases
• On-Demand Purchasing and Zero Inventory
PROCUREMENT
Activities related to acquiring goods and services Functions associated with buying goods and services
Steps that happen before, during, and after purchase Straightforward process of purchasing commodities
Used in a production environment (internal process) Used in a wholesale environment (external process)
Puts more importance on an item’s value than its cost Tends to focus more on the item’s price than its value
Refers to a set of tasks that spot and fulfill needs Refers to the specific task of committing expenditure
Includes need recognition, sourcing, and contract closure Includes ordering, expediting, and payment fulfillment
Follows a proactive approach to spot and fulfill needs Follows a reactive approach to satisfy internal needs