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Tumor Immunity
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Tumor Antigens

 Protein, peptide, or carbohydrate molecules that the immune system

uses to distinguish from normal cells

 Presented on the cell surface by MHC-I and are recognized by CD8

Tc cells

 Tumor-specific antigen : Present only on tumor cells and not on any

normal cells

 Tumor-associated antigens : Present on tumor cells and also on some

normal cells
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1. NK Cells

 Kill many types of tumor cells, especially cells that have reduced
MHC-I expression and express activating ligands

 MIC-A, MIC-B, ULB which are ligands for NKG2D

 Provide the first line defence against tumor cells

 Tumoricidal activity is increased by IFN, IL-15, and IL-12

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2. Macrophages

 Capable of both inhibiting and promoting the growth aand spread of

cancers, depending on their activation state

 Classically Activated MI

 Exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells

 Mechanism : Lysosomal enzyme, ROS, NO, or TNF

 Alternatively Activated M2

 Secrete VEGF, TGF, and other angioenic factors that contribute to

tumor progression
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3. CD8 Tc Cell
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Mechanism of Evasion

Lose expression of antigen that elicit immune response

Antigen masking by sialic acid → Inaccessible to immune cell

Do not express MHC-I or costimulator

Engage molecules that inhibit immune response such as CTLA-4

Secrete immunosuppressive molecules such as TGF, IL-10

Induction of Treg cells

Express Fas ligand that induce T cell apoptosis

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