Briefing

to the
Portfolio Committee Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
On

 Key Issues for Agriculture in Agenda 2063 and Malabo Declaration

(also implications for South Africa)
 Success stories from implementation of CAADP
Context and rationale
Agenda 2063 Aspirations Agenda 2063 Goals mapping

Goal 4: Transformed economies and Goal 1: A high standard of living, Goal 2: Well educated citizens & Goal 7: Environmentally sustainable
quality of life and wellbeing for all skills revolution underpinned by and climate resilient economies and
Job creation
citizens science, technology & innovation communities
1. A Prosperous Africa, based on
Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Goal 5: Modern agriculture for Goal 3: Healthy and well-nourished
Development increased production & productivity citizens
   

Goal 6: Blue/Ocean economy for      

accelerated economic growth

Goal 8: A United Africa (Federal or Goal 9: Continental financial and

2. An Integrated Continent,   monetary institutions established and  
Politically United, based on the Confederate) functional
Ideals of Pan Africanism and the
Vision of Africa’s Renaissance Goal 10: World class infrastructure
criss-crosses Africa      
 
3. An Africa of Good Governance, Goal 11: Democratic values,
Democracy, Respect for Human practices, universal principles of Goal 12: Capable Institutions and  
rights, Justice and Rule of Law human rights, justice & rule of law transformative leadership in place
entrenched

Goal 13: Peace, security and stability Goal 15: A fully functional and
is preserved   operational African Peace Security  
4. A Peaceful and Secure Africa Architecture
Goal 14: A stable and peaceful Africa      
5. Africa with a Strong Cultural  
Identity, Common Heritage, Goal 16: African cultural renaissance    
Values and Ethics is pre-eminent

6. An Africa whose Development is

  Goal 17: Full gender equality in all
spheres of life
   
people-driven, especially relying
on Potential offered by its  
Women & Youth & well cared for Goal 18: Engaged and empowered    
Children youth and children

7. An Africa as a Strong, United & Goal 19: Africa takes full responsibility
Influential Global Player & for financing her development   Goal 20: Africa as a major partner in  
Partner global affairs & peaceful co-existence

Human Capital Natural Resources

Consolidated Shared Prosperity
NEPAD Agency priority impact
Industrialisation and and Transformed Development and Management and
areas Wealth Creation Livelihoods Transformed Environment
Institutions Resilience
 Enabling transformative policies and actions towards sustained
economic growth and prosperity for all

Shared Prosperity and

Transformed Livelihoods

Agriculture
Forests Natural Resources
Industrialisation and Mining Management and
Wealth Creation Oceans-Marine Environmental Resilience
Wildlife

Human Capital
Development and
Transformed Institutions
Key Issues for Agriculture in Agenda 2063 &
Malabo
 Africa has around 600 million hectares of uncultivated arable land, roughly 60%
of the global total
 39 million hectares of agricultural land in Africa is suitable for irrigation but
currently only 7% is irrigated (SSA - 3.7%)
 17 kg fertilizer unit per ha whereas it is 222 kg in Asia and 120 Kg in world
average

 Over 60 % of the population is in rural areas

 65% of Africa’s labour force is in agriculture
 Agriculture constitutes between 20 to 35% of GDP
 A large share of the poor (some 63%) work in agriculture, mostly smallholder
farming (Olinto et al; 2013)

 Africa still importing over 25 billion dollars in food – over one-third its food
needs
 Largely underdeveloped agro-industry
Relevance of rural employment: Shares by sector

 Region Agriculture Industry Services

Latin America and the

16.3 22.1 61.6
Caribbean

North Africa 27.8 22.5 49.7

South-East Asia and Pac. 44.3 17.8 38.0

South Asia 53.5 18.9 27.6

Sub-Saharan Africa 59.0 10.6 30.4

World 35.0 21.8 43.2

Sources: ILO, 2010

 Contribution of agricultural growth to poverty
reduction at the national and rural levels (%)
80
Agriculture Non-Agriculture Sectors
70
Contribution to reduction in poverty (%)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
...

..

er
..
...
n

na

ia

ia

go
i
al

l
V.

a.

ga
ne
ni

er

er
ig
na

M
ha

To
G
Be

ne
e

ig
N
ui
y
i

G
or
ap

Li
e
rk

Se
Th
Iv
Bu

C
 Challenges still remain ….
o too much focus on the issue of public financing and development
aid;
o weak inter-ministerial and inter-sectorial coordination
o multiplicity of initiatives

o Africa still food insecure and high levels of hunger & malnutrition;
o Low agric productivity; low rural incomes
o Public investments – the 10% – still low ???
o Too much focus on the supply side  and not on making markets work
Malabo declaration to enhance and
accelerate agriculture
transformation
 Agriculture and CAADP: Malabo commitment
Level 1 – Agriculture’s Contribution to economic growth and inclusive development
 

Impact to Economic
which Improved Improved Environmental
opportunities
CAADP Wealth food access to & Ecosystems
contribute
Prosperity –
creation security and Productive resilience and
jobs & poverty
Nutrition safety nets sustainability
alleviation

Level 2 – Agricultural Transformation and Sustained agriculture growth

 

Changes in
African
agriculture
2.2 Functioning 2.4 Improved
resulting 2.1 Increased national agriculture 2.3 Expanded management and
from
implementa
agricultural and food markets & local agro- governance of natural
tion of production and increased industry and resources (land &
CAADP
productivity intra/inter-regional value addition Water) for sustainable
trade, agricultural production
 Malabo Declaration on agriculture transformation (2014)

1. Recommitment to the Principles and Values of the CAADP Process

2. Recommitment to enhance investment finance in Agriculture

o Uphold 10% public spending target
o Operationalization of Africa Investment Bank

3. Commitment to Zero hunger – Ending Hunger by 2025

o At least double productivity (focusing on Inputs, irrigation, mechanization)
o Reduce PHL at least by half
o Nutrition: reduce stunting to 10%

4. Commitment to Halving Poverty, by 2025, through inclusive Agricultural Growth and

Transformation
o Sustain Annual sector growth in Agricultural GDP at least 6%
o Establish and/or strengthen inclusive public-private partnerships for at least five (5)
priority agricultural commodity value chains with strong linkage to smallholder
agriculture.
o Create job opportunities for at least 30% of the youth in agricultural value chains.
o Preferential entry & participation by women and youth in gainful and attractive
agribusiness
Malabo Declaration on agriculture transformation (2014)
5. Commitment to Boosting Intra-African Trade in Agricultural Commodities &
Services
o Triple intra-Africa trade in agricultural commodities
o Fast track continental free trade area & transition to a continental Common
External tariff scheme

6. Commitment to Enhancing Resilience in livelihoods & production systems to

climate variability and other shocks
o Ensure that by 2025, at least 30% of farm/pastoral households are
resilient to shocks

7. Commitment to Mutual Accountability to Actions and Results

o Through the CAADP Result Framework – conduct a biennial Agricultural
Review Process
What did CAADP achieve in its 1 st

decade
 CAADP in 1st 10 years --Transformation of What?

CA
Ref ADP
Res orm-
our
ces

t i o n &
2 rm u la
da
CAA
Refo DP CAADP
l icy f o g e n
r
- Skil m
s , P o w t h a es
ls Implementation
l ic ie g r o m m
Po e n t to P r ogr a
lignm m en t
A e s t 3
Inv l s
CAADP
al S kil
Reform
at i o n
Instituti
g ani z
o r
and encies
on s

um a n e t
m ic h o m p
y s t e an d C
S
1
 CAADP implementation & achievements

* 47 Country
Compacts

* 44 National
Investment Plans

* 29 country Business
meetings

1 regional compact &

Investment Plan (ECOWAS);
others in progress
 CAADP Implementation … Progress & Lessons

Investment Policy
Institutions
Plans Reforms

 Evidence-based  transparency,  Organisation

planning accountability (M&E development
/Mutual Accountability)
 Harmonised National  Inter-Ministerial
Priorities & agenda  Participation: Collaboration
Inclusiveness;
consultative  “new” form of
 Integrated & partnerships & alliances
Comprehensive  Coherence in policies
 Multi-sectorialism
Plans & Programs
 Comprehensive and  Credible systems to
 Domestic / leverage business
International integrated (across
sectors) sector partnerships
financing
 CAADP on policy & investment reforms ....
Rwanda
•Stocktaking identified potential returns on investment for staple crops
•PSTA II geared towards providing incentives to produce and adopt
strategic commodities (maize, wheat, Irish potato, Livestock)
•more resources towards intensification of sustainable production systems
after investment plan and staple foods
•Agric Annual Growth rate: from under 1% in 2007 to 10% in 2013

Ethiopia
• Agriculture strong component in the country’s plan to eradicate poverty
• CAADP assisted the preparation of Ethiopia’s Policy and Investment
Framework (PIF); focus on higher rainfall areas
• Strengthened the case for institutional reforms
• Agric Annual Growth rate: 8% average – 2003 to 2014

Ghana
• CAADP was central in the development of the Medium Term Agricultural Sector
Investment Plan (METASIP)
• Stocktaking highlights opportunities for increased productivity in cereals in
marginal northern areas + mechanisms for private sector inclusion
• Agric Annual Growth rate: 4%-6.2% (2001 to 2009).
CAADP Impact on Policy: Inclusive policy process

CAADP Partnership
platform at
Formal Continental level
contribution to CAADP Africa
policy dev Platform at
Continental level
through Private
sector Liaison
Office in Ghana
Inclusive
policy Ethiopia’s CAADP Nat.
process SC made of various
government ministries
and producer
Central African organisations
Republic: inclusion of
CSO rep in agr sector Kenya: Government
working group convened thematic
working groups incl
private sector
 Success Stories and Progress
• About 10 of 54 African Union Member States have reached target
of allocating at least 10% of public investment in agriculture.
Among them are Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Malawi,
Mali, Niger, and Senegal;

• About 10 countries have exceeded the CAADP target of 6% growth

in agricultural production: Angola, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso,
Republic of Congo, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Senegal,
Tanzania;
Increased public expenditures in agriculture are a good
investment but remain low (6% in average)
% share of public allocated agriculture spending in total public allocated spending
expenditures; source Resakss
25

20

15 average 2003-2009 * : 2008

**: 2007
***:2006
10

0
CAADP Implementation – Lessons
 Sustaining the CAADP Momentum
• Through CAADP, countries are establishing minimum pre-
conditions to drive implementation:
o Re-establishing means and capacity to Plan
o Setting national agenda - as rallying point fostering alignment and
harmonisation (e.g. across Government policies; in donor
relationships)
o Establishing Priorities and Programmes
o Considering and building new forms of partnerships including
multi-sectorialism. Agriculture linkages and collaboration, e.g. on
infrastructure, on ICT, etc…
 CAADP is also bringing (renewed) attention to:

• Regional markets and trade (intra-regional): No optional solutions at

national level. Regional trade essential for a sustainable growth

• Practical measures (incentives) to stimulate and empower private

sector to lead IMPLEMENTATION. Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
essential if the success is to be inclusive and sustainable. Affirmative
policies and action may be necessary

• Attaining “economic growth” is not enough; it does not automatically

translate into inclusive development. Hence, deliberate policies
measures and possibly affirmative action is necessary to ensure
 NEPAD Agency interventions
1. “Zero Hunger” - Strengthening strategic capacity in national-regional systems
to determine country-specific pathways towards eliminating hunger
o Analytical support, including forecasting and foresight, in determining policy
options, investment pathways and conditions for success
o Public policy coherence and alignment
o Identifying regional policies and investment initiatives
o Foster public-private collaboration along the “farm-to-folk” value chains
o Foster expansion of food basket, including increasing indigenous foods

2. Agro-Industries development and enhanced agricultural value addition

o Enhancing business incubation capacity - focus on agro-industry SMEs
o Facilitating cooperative-based organizational development for SMEs
o Services & training on production standards, packaging, storage, etc…

3. Consolidation of CAADP NAIPs as instrument to drive policy coherence and

leveraging increased financing to agriculture
o Formal and legislated link and alignment of the NAIPs to NDPs and budgets
o Alignment and coherence between the NAIPs and RAIPs
o Strengthen NAIPs and RAIPs related monitoring capacity
o Bankability of NAIP and RAIP projects – i.e. project preparation facility

4. Youth Employment and Women economic empowerment

 CAADP in South Africa

Progress, Lessons and Implications

 CAADP Implementation in South Africa
 National CAADP implementation launch in March 2011

 Provincial engagement and Agricultural Investment Plan

formulation (wide stakeholder consultations)
• Between 2012 – 2014 all provinces covered except Gautain

 South Africa undertook the CAADP 10% performance review

(2012-2014)

 South Africa – Active in the formulation of the Malabo Biennial

review and reporting mechanisms
CAADP – Implications and possible action areas
 Agriculture holding the highest possibility and opportunities to
create employment (jobs and entrepreneurship) for youths and
rural populations
 Success (critical mass and sustainable) will require:
• Multi-sectorial and inter-government
• Leveraging optimally private sector capacity and resources (by
e.g. increased public sector investments in capital public good
infrastructure)
• Facilitating inclusive consultation and dialogue across state and
non-state institutions and sectors
 Youth employment and women economic empowerment – blended
public-private sector investments/ATVET; Incubation; market
development support
 Accountability based on peer commitment and review
 A national agricultural Investment Plan (NAIP) will reenergize the
provision drive
 Overall A2063 M&E Framework architecture
In-country Planning,
Implementation,
Monitoring and
Reporting processes, Progress and
through: Performance
 
National Development Plans
– Results Frameworks and
Budgets
Sector Plans – Results
Frameworks and Budgets
National/Sector M&E Plans
Country-specific planning
and reporting cycles and
instruments
Feedback and value to national
Regional value
Rationale and purpose
Sharing and learning on regional integration commitments as well as individual
Feedback & value to and aggregated national experiences and performance
Assessing against regional benchmarks, on one hand, and continental value to
national Action national action, on the other
Identifying and brokering collaboration and joint programmes
(transnational/Intra-regional deals)
Main platforms and processes
Regional (RECs) Ministerial and Heads’ of State summits
Other platforms:
Regional Parliaments
Regional farmer Organisation policy conferences (SACAU; PROPAC; UMAGRI:
ROPPA; EEAF)
Regional private sector assemblies
Biennial Core/main input
National
National and
and Consolidated
Consolidated Regional
Regional Reports
Reports
  
Country
Continental value
Report  
Rationale and purpose
Sharing and learning
Assessing against continental benchmarks, on one hand, and continental
value to national action, on the other
Identifying and brokering collaboration & joint programmes (inter-
regional deals)
Identifying and harmonizing continental strategies and positions
(economic growth related)
Main platforms and processes
plan of action Technical sector-level ministerial conferences (STCs)
Finance and Economic Planning Ministerial conference (STC)
AU Heads of State and Government Assembly including related sub-
committees (NEPAD HSGOC; PAP)
Core/main input
National, Consolidated regional and Consolidated continental Reports
29
(Dashboard)
 Concluding remarks

Parliament has a critical role to play in advocating for

laws and policies to accelerate agricultural
transformation in South Africa thereby creating
employment; eliminating poverty and fostering
shared prosperity
 I Thank You
Martin Bwalya
bwalyam@nepad.org
NEPAD Agency; Johannesburg, South Africa