Question: Is expanded international

trade desirable from the point of

view of the development of poor
nations?
and
Who gains from trade, and how are
the advantages distributed among
nations?
Reporter: Vila, Adreian C.
 Sub Question: How do we consider a
country poor?
✘ Low- and middle-income economies are usually
referred to as Developing Countries, and
✘ The Upper Middle Income and the High Income are
referred to as Developed Countries.
Factors affecting decisions for classifying
income
✘ Growth,
✘ Inflation,
✘ Exchange rates, and
✘ Population growth influence GNI per capita.
Sub Question: What Are the Advantages of
International Trade?
✘ Increased revenues.
✘ Decreased competition.
✘ Longer product lifespan.
✘ Easier cash-flow management.
✘ Better risk management.
✘ Benefiting from currency exchange.
✘ Access to export financing.
✘ Disposal of surplus goods.
 Legend:
LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES ($1,035 OR LESS)     
LOWER-MIDDLE INCOME ECONOMIES ($1,036 TO $4,045)      
UPPER-MIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIES ($4,046 TO $12,535) 
HIGH-INCOME ECONOMIES ($12,536 OR MORE)  

EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC   [38] EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA  [58]  
American Samoa Korea, Rep. Philippines Albania Gibraltar Norway
Australia Lao PDR Samoa Andorra Greece Poland
Brunei Darussalam Macao SAR, China Singapore Armenia Greenland Portugal
Cambodia Malaysia Solomon Islands Austria Hungary Romania
China Marshall Islands Taiwan, China Azerbaijan Iceland Russian Federation
Fiji Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Thailand Belarus Ireland San Marino
French Polynesia Mongolia Timor-Leste
Belgium Isle of Man Serbia
Guam Myanmar Papua New Guinea
Bosnia and Herzegovina Italy Slovak Republic
Hong Kong SAR, China Nauru Tonga
Indonesia New Caledonia Tuvalu Bulgaria Kazakhstan Slovenia
Japan New Zealand Vanuatu Channel Islands Kosovo Spain
Kiribati Northern Mariana Islands Vietnam Croatia Kyrgyz Republic Sweden
Korea, Dem. People's Rep. Palau Cyprus Latvia Switzerland
Czech Republic Liechtenstein Tajikistan
Denmark Lithuania Turkey
Estonia Luxembourg Turkmenistan
Faroe Islands Moldova Ukraine
Finland Monaco United Kingdom
France Montenegro Uzbekistan
Georgia Netherlands
Germany North Macedonia
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN [42]  SOUTH ASIA  [8]  
Antigua and Barbuda Curacao Paraguay Afghanistan India Pakistan
Argentina Dominica Peru
Bangladesh Maldives Sri Lanka
Aruba Dominican Republic Puerto Rico
Bahamas, The Ecuador Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Bhutan Nepal
Barbados El Salvador St. Kitts and Nevis SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA  [48] 
Belize Grenada St. Lucia Angola Ethiopia Niger
Bolivia Guatemala St. Martin (French part) Benin Gabon Nigeria
Brazil Guyana St. Vincent and the Grenadines Botswana Gambia, The Rwanda
British Virgin Islands Haiti Suriname
Burkina Faso Ghana São Tomé and Principe
Cayman Islands Honduras Trinidad and Tobago
Chile Jamaica Turks and Caicos Islands Burundi Guinea Senegal
Colombia Mexico Uruguay Cabo Verde Guinea-Bissau Seychelles
Costa Rica Nicaragua Venezuela, RB Cameroon Kenya Sierra Leone
Cuba Panama Virgin Islands (U.S.) Central African Republic Lesotho Somalia
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA  [21]    
Chad Liberia South Africa
Algeria Jordan Qatar
Comoros Madagascar South Sudan
Bahrain Kuwait Saudi Arabia
Djibouti Lebanon Syrian Arab Republic Congo, Dem. Rep. Malawi Sudan
Egypt, Arab Rep. Libya Tunisia Congo, Rep Mali Tanzania
Iran, Islamic Rep. Malta United Arab Emirates Côte d'Ivoire Mauritania Togo
Iraq Morocco West Bank and Gaza Equatorial Guinea Mauritius Uganda
Israel Oman Yemen, Rep.
Eritrea Mozambique Zambia
NORTH AMERICA [3]  
Eswatini Namibia Zimbabwe
Bermuda Canada United States
South Africa Imports compare with Sub-Saharan Africa
region (by US$ Thousand)
South Africa Exports compare with Sub-Saharan Africa
region (by US$ Thousand)
 Madagascar Imports compare with Sub-Saharan Africa
region (by US$ Thousand) (Excludes Sub-Saharan Africa,
South Africa, Nigeria, Angola)
 Madagascar Exports compare with Sub-Saharan Africa
region (by US$ Thousand) (Excludes Sub-Saharan Africa,
South Africa, Nigeria, Angola)
Philippines Imports compare with Europe & Central Asia
region (by US$ Thousand)
Philippines Exports compare with Europe & Central Asia
region (by US$ Thousand)
Philippines Imports compare with Europe & Central Asia
region (by US$ Thousand) (Excluding Europe & Central
Asia)
Philippines Exports compare with Europe & Central Asia
region (by US$ Thousand) (Excluding Europe & Central
Asia)
 Conclusion:
✘ In General, the distribution of gains and advantages are
favorable to Developed High Income countries, since almost
no countries grow faster than the others. They all just
growing at a steady pace, and therefore not giving the
developing countries a chance to grow faster than the
developed countries.