What are the steps of data

normalization in relational database ?

Normalisation aims at eliminating the anomalies and redundancy in data. The process
of normalisation involves four step, each step generat­ing a table in normal form

1. First normal form

For a table to be in the First Normal Form, it should follow the following 3 criteria:
1. Each cell to be Single Valued  multi value is not allowed in the same cell, so we will
separate it to each others
2. Entries in a column are same type  For example, the color column, entries that should
be like red, blue, so we can't fill it with the beautiful, because beautiful is opinion, its not
color
3. Rows must be uniquely identified  Add Unique ID or add more columns to make
unique, usually, the row represents the table name such as customer, so that we can
uniquely identify each of the customer
(Note: the order of the rows and the order of the columns are irrelevant)

2. Second normal form

For a table to be in the Second Normal Form, All attributes (Non-Key Columns) dependent on
the key,
all non-key elements that are fully specified by something other than the com­plete key are
3. Third normal form

All fields (columns) can be determined Only by the Key in the table and no other column.
The table doesn't have Transitive Dependency. A transitive dependency occurs when one non-
prime attribute is dependent on another non-prime attribute.  pattern: A → B and B → C ;
therefore A → C, A is Primary Key while B and C is non-prime attribute

4. Fourth normal form

Tabel doesn't have Multi-Valued Dependency. It is a situation where the same primary key
appears more than once because have one column can have different value then let’s say the
other column have the same value. Obviously, this needs to be separated out to other table.
So that, every primary key only appears once in this table.