PAST PERFECT TENSE

Social function
The past perfect expresses an activity that
was completed before another activity or
time in the past.
Examples
1. Sam had already left by the time Ann got
there.
2. The thief simply walked in. Someone had
forgotten to lock the door.

In (c) first : Sam Left

Second: Ann got there
3. Sam had already left when Ann got there.
Another examples
4. Sam had left before Ann got there
5. Sam Left before Ann got there.
6. After the guests had left , Iwent to bed
7. After the guest left, I went to bed
If either before or after is used in the sentence ,
the past perfect is often not necessary because
the time relationship is already clear. The simple
past may be used.

Example:
1. Sam had left before Ann got there.
Sam left before Ann got there.
2. After the Guests had left, I went to bed.
After the guest left, I went to bed.