Contents

• Introduction

• Material and methods

• Result and discussion

• Conclusions

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INTRODUCTION

3
Fig 1 CO2 emission from energy use continue to rise
INTRODUCTION
Chemical looping combust
Air reaction system: 4M + 2O2 → 4MO
ion principles Fuel reaction system: 4MO + CH4 → 4M + CO2 + 2H2O

 A new process for oxidising fuels usin

g metal oxides as oxygen carriers tr
ansporting oxygen from combustion ai
r to fuel
 no mixing of combustion air and fuel,
combustion products (CO2 and H2O) n
ot diluted by N2

 Highly exothermal reactions in air reac

tor
 Fuel reactor is exothermic/endothermi
c depending on fuel and oxygen carrie
r

Fig 1. Chemial looping combustion

OBJECTIVES

To develop numerical model of

bubbling fluidized bed fuel
reactor

To analyze effect of operating

condition on hydrodynamic
behavior and rate of reaction in
bubbling fluidized bed reactor
 Material and methods
Wall Outflow
Model - Particle-wall
-2D geometry restitution
-Unsteady state coefficient =1
0.40m
-Eulerian 2 phase
-Kinetic theory of granular flow
Particle-particle
Air -Particle-
Density 1.225 kg/m3 particle 0.20 m
Viscosity 1.8×10-5 restitution
kg/ms coefficient =0.99
Nickel oxide (NiO) 0.155 m
Density 2,500 kg/m3 - Specularity
Diameter 530 micron coefficient = 0.6
Velocity inlet = 0.59
m/s

Fig 2. Schematic diagram of bubbling fluidized bed reactor Jung et al. (2012)
 Material and methods

Particle
Particle density
density Ratio
Ratio of
of initial
initial static
static bed
bed
Low
Low :: 1300kg/m
1300kg/m33 height
height to
to diameter
diameter
High
High :: 2350
2350 kg/m
kg/m33 column
column
Low
Low :: 0.5D
0.5D
High
High :: 0.75D
0.75D
Particle
Particle diameter
diameter
Low
Low :: 200
200 µm
µm
High
High :: 600
600 µm
µm

Geldart group B

Fluidization
Fluidization velocity
velocity
Low
Low :: 1.5
1.5 Umf
Umf Bubbling regime
High
High :: 1.75
1.75 Umf
Umf
 Standard deviation of solid volume fraction

How to evaluate mixing index ?? Mixing

How to measure distribution of

particle in vessel ??
To calculate standard deviation (S)
of samples

S
1
n

( X 1  X ) 2  ....  ( X n  X ) 2 
S = Standard deviation
X = A sample value
X = An average of sample value
n = Number of samples
Treatment A(micron) B(m) C(kg/m3) D(m/s)
1 200 0.50D 1300 1.5Umf
a 600 0.50D 1300 1.5Umf
b 200 0.75D 1300 1.5Umf
ab 600 0.75D 1300 1.5Umf
c 200 0.50D 2350 1.5Umf
ac 600 0.50D 2350 1.5Umf
bc 200 0.75D 2350 1.5Umf
abc 600 0.75D 2350 1.5Umf
d 200 0.50D 1300 1.75Umf
ad 600 0.50D 1300 1.75Umf
bd 200 0.75D 1300 1.75Umf
abd 600 0.75D 1300 1.75Umf
cd 200 0.50D 2350 1.75Umf
acd 600 0.50D 2350 1.75Umf
bcd 200 0.75D 2350 1.75Umf
abcd 600 0.75D 2350 1.75Umf 9
Result & Discussions : Validated mathematical model

Fig 5. Axial particle velocity in radial direction and granular temperature at height 0.14 m
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Result & Discussions : Summary result of standard deviation of solid
volume fraction in radial and axial directions

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 Result and discussion : Effect of operating conditions on
S.D. of solid volume fraction in axial direction
Table :The analysis of variance for standard deviation of solid Fig 6 . The effect of different factors on standard
volume fraction in axial direction. deviation in axial direction

Sum of Mean F-
Source squares DF square Value Prob> F
1.18E-
A 1.18E-03 1 03 65.32 < 0.0001
B 0.013 1 0.013 694.97 < 0.0001
2.89E-
D 2.89E-04 1 04 15.93 0.0021
1.40E-
AC 1.40E-04 1 04 7.73 0.0179
1.81E-
Residual 1.99E-04 11 05
Total 0.014 15
 Effect of operating conditions on S.D. of solid volume
fraction in radial direction

Table 5: The analysis of variance for standard deviation of solid Fig 7 . The effect of different factors on standard deviation in
volume fraction in radial direction. radial direction

Sum of Mean
Source squares DF square F-value Prob> F
A 3.39E-06 1 3.39E-06 55.7442837 0.0175
B 1.08E-05 1 1.08E-05 177.299219 0.0056
C 1.93E-05 1 1.93E-05 317.520296 0.0031
D 1.29E-06 1 1.29E-06 21.1394989 0.0442
AB 1.70E-07 1 1.70E-07 2.78668632 0.2370
AC 3.09E-06 1 3.09E-06 50.7408562 0.0191
BC 6.15E-07 1 6.15E-07 10.1083398 0.0863
BD 2.61E-06 1 2.61E-06 42.9032912 0.0225
ABC 1.35E-07 1 1.35E-07 2.21574994 0.2750
ABD 1.71E-06 1 1.71E-06 28.0415009 0.0339
ACD 2.05E-07 1 2.05E-07 3.36772321 0.2079
BCD 6.32E-07 1 6.32E-07 10.3912584 0.0843
ABCD 3.66E-06 1 3.66E-06 60.1186358 0.0162
Residual 1.22E-07 2 6.09E-08    
Total 4.77E-05 15
RESULT &DISSCUSSION
Effect of operating condition on flow pattern
Fig 8. Solid volume fraction contours and solid flux vector for ac and acd at 15 sec.

“ac”

“acd”

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 Conclusion : Bubbling fluidized bed reactor in batch reactor
( Mixing index in radial direction)
 Three main parameters had the significant effect on mixing in axial
direction and all main parameters had the significant effect on mixing in
radial direction.

For axial direction , increasing velocity and particle diameter shall be

decreased mixing index because increasing of gas velocity caused gross
internal circulation .

For radial direction , increasing particle diameter will be decreased

mixing index.

From the contour of solid volume fraction at 15 s, adjusting operating

parameters to high level such as particle size, particle density and
fluidization velocity , the “acd “ case have the lowest S.D. in axial and
radial direction .

The mechanism of mixing in bubbling fluidized bed can bed described

that the bubble were then generated and coalesced to form larger bubble. It
is commonly recognized that solids mixing in a fluidized bed is mainly
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