Disciplinary Proceedings

Introduction
Relevant Acts & Rules applicable for Disciplinary Proceedings

• Legal Profession Act 1976 (Part VII)

• Legal Profession (Disciplinary Board) (Procedure) Rules 1994
• Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings) Rules, 2017
• Legal Profession (Discipline Fund) Rules, 1994
• Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings) (Appeal) Rules 1994
• The lawyers are not immune from disciplinary action.

• The lawyer should not involve in professional misconduct because it will lower the dignity
of the profession and weaken the sense of confidence of the public to the administration of
justice.

• ‘Misconduct’ is defined in S.94(3) as

- conduct / omission to act
- in Malaysia / elsewhere
- by an Advocate and Solicitor (A&S) in a professional capacity / otherwise
- which amounts to grave impropriety
- and includes
(a) conviction of a criminal offence which makes him unfit to be a member of his profession;

(b) breach of duty to a court including any failure by him to comply with an undertaking given
to a court;

(c) dishonest or fraudulent conduct in the discharge of his duties;

(d) breach of any rule of practice and etiquette of the profession made by the Bar Council
under this Act or otherwise;

(e) being adjudicated a bankrupt and being found guilty of any of the acts or omissions
mentioned in paragraph (a) , (b) , (c) , (e) , (f) , (h) , (k) or (l) of section 33 (6) of the
Bankruptcy Act 1967;

(f) the tendering or giving of any gratification to any person for having procured the
employment in any legal business of himself or any other advocate and solicitor;
(g) directly or indirectly procuring or attempting to procure the employment of himself or any
other advocate and solicitor through or by the instruction of any person to whom any
remuneration for obtaining such employment has been given by him or agreed or promised to
be so given;

(h) accepting employment in any legal business through a tout;

(i) allowing any unauthorised person to carry on legal business in his name without his direct
and immediate control as principal or without proper supervision;

(j) the carrying on by himself, directly or indirectly, of any profession, trade, business or
calling which is incompatible with the legal profession or being employed for reward or
otherwise in any such profession, trade, business or calling;

(k) the breach of any provision of this Act or of any rules made thereunder or any direction or
ruling of the Bar Council;
(l) the disbarment, striking off, suspension or censure in his capacity as a legal practitioner in
any other country or being guilty of conduct which would render him to be punished in any
other country;

(m) the charging, in the absence of a written agreement, in respect of professional services
rendered to a client, of fees or costs which are grossly excessive in all the circumstances;

(n) gross disregard of his client's interests; and

(o) being guilty of any conduct which is unbefitting of an advocate and solicitor or which
brings or is calculated to bring the legal profession into disrepute.
Limitation Period

S.99 (3A)
• No complaint concerning the conduct of any A&S / any pupil shall be inquired into by the
Disciplinary Board (DB)
• after the expiration of 6 years from the date when the right of action to bring the
complaint accrued.

Exception
(a) If the complaint is based upon the fraud of the A&S / his agent / any person through
whom he/his agent claims; or
(b) the right of action to bring the complaint is concealed by the fraud of the A&S /of his
agent /any person through whom he/his agent claims,
• the period of limitation shall not begin to run until the complainant has discovered the
fraud /could with reasonable diligence have discovered it
                            
Rule 6 - Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings) Rules 2017
No complaint relating to the alleged misconduct of any A&S concerned / the legal
firm shall be lodged by the complainant after the expiration of six years from the
time when the right to bring the complaint accrued or when the complainant first
became aware of the act / the last of the acts complained of had occurred entitling
him to lodge a complaint.
                            
 The Disciplinary Board (DB) [Lembaga Tatatertib]
•Officially established in 1992 under S.93(1)

•S.93(3): DB comprises of
 (a) the Chairman appointed by the Chief Judge after consultation with the BC for a term of 2
years. Such person shall be a retired Judge of the HC/COA/FC or any other person who is
qualified to be a Judge of the HC/COA/FC.
 
(b) the President of the Malaysian Bar / any member of the Bar Council as his
representative; and

(c) 15 practitioner members of the Malaysian Bar of not less than 10 years' standing
appointed by the Chief Judge for a term of 2 years after consultation with the BC.
Function of DB

• The DB adjudicates complaints of professional misconduct against A&S / a pupil

• S.103F gives power to DB to make rules to regulate the procedure for disciplinary
proceedings such as Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings) Rules 2017

• By virtue of s.103J, DB may, in consultation with the Bar Council and with approval
of the Minister, make such rules as may be expedient or necessary for the better
carrying out of the provisions relating to disciplinary proceedings under the LPA.

• Rule 6 - Legal Profession (Disciplinary Board) (Procedure) Rules 1994:

All decisions of the DB shall be by a majority of the votes of the members present
at the meeting.
• S.93(4): The quorum of the DB shall be 7 members of whom
- 1 member shall be the Chairman,
- 1 member shall be President of the Bar / his representative; and
- 5 members from the 15 practitioners (the number may be increased accordingly if the
provisions of subsection (4A) / (4C) applies in order to maintain the quorum at 7 members.

• Rule 4 - Legal Profession (Disciplinary Board) (Procedure) Rules 1994

(1) Where the Bar Council is the complainant /
- where the Bar Council intervenes under rule 8 of the Legal Profession (Disciplinary
Proceedings) (Investigating Tribunal and Disciplinary Committee) Rules 1994,
- the President of the Bar Council shall be disqualified as member of the DB for the purposes
of the quorum.

(2) For the purposes of subrule (1), the quorum prescribed under s.93(4) shall be read as 6
members
The Chairman of DB

• S.93(4A): The Chairman shall preside at the meetings of the DB

- if the Chairman disqualifies himself pursuant to subsection (4C) /
- if the chairman is unable, through illness / any other cause, to attend the meeting
- the President of the Malaysian Bar shall preside at the meeting.

• S.93((4B): If the President of the Malaysian Bar also disqualifies himself from
deliberating on any complaint pursuant to subsection (4C) /
- is unable, through illness or any other cause, to attend the meeting,
- the members present shall elect one of their number to preside at the meeting for the
purposes of the complaint.

• Rule 2 - LP(DB)(P)R 1994: The Chairman may appoint the date, time & place of
meeting

S.93((4C) The Chairman, the President of the Malaysian Bar and any other member of the DB shall, where it is
necessary in the interest of justice, disqualify himself from deliberating on any complaint.
The Secretary of DB

• S.93(5)
▫ shall be a full time employee of the Bar Council appointed under s.98
▫ A&S having at least 5 years standing; or
▫ A&S having at least 3 years standing and worked with Bar Council / DB for at least 2
years.

• Rule 3 - LP(DB)(P)R 1994: Notices calling for meetings

The Secretary shall send a notice calling for a meeting to all members of the DB not less than
10 days before the date appointed for the meeting.

• Rule 7 - LP(DB)(P)R 1994: Minutes of meetings

The Secretary shall keep a minutes book in which shall be recorded the minutes of all
meetings of the DB.
 The Disciplinary Committee Panel (DCP)

• S.95: In addition to the DB there shall also be established a DCP (with a Disciplinary
Committee) for the purpose of disciplinary proceedings.

• S.96(1) – DB must appoint DCP from a list supplied by the Bar Council, comprising of 30
members:

 20 A&S (10 years standing and with valid PC)

 10 lay persons.
 Period of service: 2 years (DB may extend his term for a period not exceeding a further
two years or reappoint him)
The Disciplinary Committee (DC)
•S.95: For the purposes of disciplinary proceedings under this Part, there shall be
established a DCP with a DC established under it.

•S.103A - appointment of DC
•DC shall consists of 3 members (from DCP list)
▫2 A&S (one of them shall be appointed as chairman of DC)
▫1 lay person

•The role of DC
▫S.103B: To conduct a full inquiry (within one month of its appointment) by perusing
the relevant documentary evidence in the presence of the complainant and the A&S
concerned by summoning the attendance of witnesses ( if any); and
▫S.103C: To arrive at an appropriate finding on liability (guilt) and or sentence, as the
case may be and furnish the finding/ recommendation to the DB :
The Director of the Complaints Secretariat (DCS)

• S.98(4): The Director shall be responsible for the daily administration of complaints
against A&S.

• S.98(1): The Bar Council shall appoint a DCS who is A&S of

(i) not less than 5 years' standing /
(ii) not less than 3 years' standing & in addition, worked with the Bar Council / the DB for
not less than 2 years

• S.98(2): The Director shall serve as the Secretary to the DB.

Disciplinary Proceedings
5 stages:-

1) Lodgment of Complaint (S.99)

2) Inquiry by DB (S.100)
3) Inquiry by DC (S.103C)
4) Deliberation by the DB (S.103D)
5) Appeal (S.103E)
(1) Lodgment of Complaint

a. Complainant

• Rule 2: "complainant" = any person, whether natural/legal, who has made a complaint,
whether personally / through its officer / a solicitor, and includes the Bar Council, State
Bar Committee and the person/body enumerated in subsection 99(2) LPA.

• S.99(2): Any court (including the Industrial Court, Syariah Court), Judge, Sessions Court
Judge / Magistrate / the AG may at any time refer to the DB any complaint.

• S.99(3): BC / a State Bar Committee also can make a complaint on its own motion to the
DB.
b. Against Whom?

• S.99(1): Any complaint concerning the conduct of any A&S / pupil

(1) A&S

• S.94(1): All A&S shall be subject for the purposes of all disciplinary actions to the control
of the DB.

• S.3: “A&S“ = A&S of the HC admitted and enrolled under LPA / under any written law
prior to the coming into operation of LPA

• S.92A: For the purposes of disciplinary proceedings, except under subsection 93(5),
subsection 94(2), s.96 and paragraph 98(1)(a), “A&S” includes a foreign lawyer
registered under s.40J;
• Disciplinary action is normally personal/individual in nature. The complainant should
name the particular A&S concerned

• However if no A&S is identified, the complaint can be made against the legal firm.

• S.99(4): Where a complaint is made against a legal firm, it shall be deemed to be a

complaint made -
(a) in the case of a sole proprietorship, against the A&S who was at the material time the sole
proprietor of the legal firm; or

(b) in the case of a partnership, against all the A&S who were at the material time partners of
the legal firm
- unless the legal firm satisfies the DB of the identity of the A&S in the legal firm against
whom the complaint has arisen.

• S.99(6): “legal firm” includes an international partnership /a qualified foreign law

licensed under Part IVA.
(2) Pupil

• Pupils are also subjected to disciplinary action.

• S.94(5): A pupil shall mutatis mutandis be subject to the same control by the DB
- as is by virtue of this section exercised over an A&S, and
- any reference to A&S in this Part shall mutatis mutandis include a pupil

• However, the penalty is different namely an order prohibiting the pupil from proceeding
with any petition for admission until after a date to be specified in the order. (in lieu of an
order striking off the Roll/suspension)

• S.94(6): “pupil” includes a person who has completed the prescribed period of pupillage
and has yet to be admitted as an advocate and solicitor.
                                        
Form & Content of Complaint

• S.99(1): Any complaint concerning the conduct of any A&S / pupil shall be in writing

• Rule 2: "complaint" = a written complaint made under rule 4

• Rule 4(1): A complaint must be made in the prescribed form as specified in the
Schedule.

Exception: if the complaint is made by the BC, a State Bar Committee/any person/bodies
mentioned in s.99(2).

• Statutory Declaration
Where to lodge?

• Rule 3: All complaints shall be lodged to the Director together with a non-refundable
processing fee (RM200) under Rule 5(1).

- Not applicable if the complainant is the BC, a State Bar Committee, a court, a Judge, a
SC Judge, a Magistrate or the AG.

- the Chairman may dispense totally/ partly with the payment of the processing fee

- where a complaint is sent to the BC/a State Bar Committee, the BC/ the State Bar
Committee, shall refer the complaint to the Director.
Duties of Director Upon receiving a Complaint

Rule 7(1): The Director shall -

(a) stamp the date of its receipt on the complaint;
(b) scrutinise the complaint to satisfy himself that the requirements of rules 3 and 4 have
been complied with; and
(c) if so satisfied, register the complaint in the Complaints Register (rule 10).

Rule 7(6): After the complaint has been registered in the Complaints Register, the Director
shall forward the complaint to the Chairman of the DB for his directions.
• Rule 7(2): If the complainant has not complied with the requirements of rules 3 and/or
4, the Director will not register the complaint, instead a written request will be send to the
complainant to satisfy the necessary requirements (except where the non-compliance is in
relation to the name and/or address of the complainant).

• Rule 7(4): The complainant must submit the particulars required within 21 days from
the date of receipt of the written request.

• The Director shall reject the complaint and enter that fact in the Rejected Complaints
Register (rule 11) if -
(a) the complaint does not contain the name/address of the complainant (Rule 7(3)); or
(b) the complainant fails to comply with a written request (Rule 7(5)).
(2.) Inquiry by DB

• The Director will forward the written application /complaint to the DB

• S.100(1)(a): if DB satisfied that there is no merit in the application/complaint

- DB will dismiss the application/complaint &
- notify the complainant and the A&S of its decision

• S.103EB: Where the DB determines that the application/complaint be dismissed under

paragraph 100(1)(a) and further records the opinion that the application/complaint was
frivolous/vexatious - the A&S may, by originating summons to be heard before a judge, ask
the Court to order that costs of the application/complaint shall be paid by the person who
made the application/complaint.
• S.100(1)(b): if DB satisfied that there is merit in the application/complaint –
(i) post/deliver to the A&S concerned a copy of the application/complaint together with all
supporting documents;  and
(ii) request the A&S to furnish his written explanation in quadruplicate together with
supporting documents within 14 days of the request / within such longer time as the DB
may allow.

• S.100(3): if the A&S has furnished his written explanation, DB shall review the matter -
(a) if it is satisfied that there is no merit in the application/complaint, dismiss the
application/complaint and notify the parties accordingly; or
(b) if it is still of the view that there is merit in the application/complaint, proceed to
appoint a DC.

• S.100(2): if the A&S does not furnish his written explanation, DB shall proceed to
appoint a DC.

                                                    
Summary Proceeding

• S.100(4): if the DB considers that the application/complaint may be dealt with

summarily
- DB must give a written notice to the A&S to determine whether the A&S agrees that the
application/complaint be dealt with summarily.

• S.100(5): If the A&S fails to respond within 14 days from the date of the notice,
- the DB shall proceed to appoint a DC.

• S.100(6):If the A&S agrees that the application/complaint be dealt with summarily,
- the DB may, having ascertained that the A&S understands the nature & consequences of the
application/complaint being dealt with summarily, proceed to do so.

• S.100(11): If the A&S does not agree that the application/complaint be dealt with
summarily, the DB shall proceed to appoint a DC .
•S.100(7): The DB may impose one/more of the following penalties/punishments:
(a) reprimand/censure;
(b) impose a fine –
(i) not exceeding 5,000 ringgit on the A&S if no cause of sufficient gravity exists for a formal
inquiry; or
(ii) not exceeding 50,000 ringgit on the A&S where the A&S has admitted to the
misconduct/the material facts establishing the misconduct/ where the material facts
establishing the misconduct are evident and do not warrant further inquiry;

(c) suspend the A&S from practice / in the case of a foreign lawyer, recommend to the BC for
his suspension, for such period not  exceeding 5 years as the DB deems appropriate in the
circumstances; or
(d) strike the A&S off the Roll / in the case of a foreign lawyer, recommend to the BC for the
revocation of his registration.
S.100(8): The DB may also make an order of restitution of the complainant’s monies if it is
established that such monies were/are held by the A&S in his professional capacity and the
complainant is entitled to the return of such monies or part thereof.

S.100(9): Before imposing any one/more of the penalties/punishments under subsection

(7) or making an order of restitution under subsection (8), the DB shall notify the A&S of its
intention to do so and give him a reasonable opportunity to be heard.
(3) Inquiry by the DC

• S.103B(1): The DC shall, within 1 month of its appointment, commence its inquiry &
shall make its findings expeditiously.

i. Before Hearing

• S.103B(4): Before the DC commences its hearing in respect of any matter, the DC shall
post/deliver to the A&S concerned –
(a) a copy of any written application/complaint & of any statutory declaration/affidavit that
has been made in support of the written application/complaint; and
(b) a notice inviting the A&S concerned, within such period being not less than 14 days as
may be specified in the notice—
(i) to give to the DC any written explanation he may wish to offer which may be additional
to any previous written explanation he may have proffered under s.100; and
(ii) to advise the DC if he wishes to be heard by the DC.
• S.103B(5): The DC shall allow the time specified in the notice to elapse and give the A&S
concerned reasonable opportunity to be heard if he so desires and shall give due
consideration to any explanation he may make.

Record of Complaint
• Rule 12(1): The Director shall compile the following documents which constitute the
record of a complaint:
(a) a copy of the complaint/application together with any supporting document and
statutory declaration;
(b) a copy of the written explanation & supporting document from the A&S;
(c) a copy of the letter of withdrawal/letter of intervention, if any, and
(d) a copy of further letter of explanation & supporting document, if any.

• Rule 12(2): A copy of the record of complaint must be served to the complainant & the
A&S before the DC commences its inquiry.
• Rule 13: The DC shall conduct its proceedings at the premises of the DB, State Bar
Committee / at such other place as approved by the DB on such date and at such time as
the Chairman of the DC may appoint.

• Rule 14: The DC shall send a notice of hearing to the complainant & the A&S / their legal
representatives,
- by prepaid A.R. registered post/personal service to the last known address of the
complainant & the A&S / their legal representatives.
- Such notice shall specify the date, time & place of the hearing.

ii. Hearing
• Rule 15(1): The DC shall complete the hearing and submit the report within 4 months
from the date of its appointment.

• Rule 15(3): However, the Chairman of the DC may, grant a period of extension not
exceeding 2 months upon an application in writing to the Chairman of the DB and that
there are reasonable grounds to do so.
• Rule 16: If the complainant / the A&S / both fail to appear before the DC on the date
fixed for the hearing of the complaint, the DC may, upon being satisfied that rule 14
(service of notice) has been complied with, proceed to hear the complaint in the absence
of such person, without further notice to such person and make its determinations and
recommendations to the DB.

• Rule 17: The complainant and the A&S shall have the right to be represented by an A&S
of his choice during the hearing.

• Rule 18(1): At the commencement of the hearing, the Chairman shall introduce the
members of the panel and record the names of all parties present.

• Rule 18(2): Unless permitted by the Chairman, only the complainant, the A&S and their
respective legal representatives shall be present before evidence is taken.

• Rule 18(4): All evidence shall be given separately under oath administered and
recorded by the chairman.
• Rule 18(5): The Chairman shall
(i) First direct the complainant to present his case
- the substance of the evidence given shall be recorded & the docs tendered shall be marked
- if the complainant/his legal representative is absent, the hearing will proceed based on the
record of complaint; and
(ii) Then call upon the A&S to respond to the complaint.

• Rule 18(6): At any hearing both parties may cross-examine each other and their
witnesses.

• Rule 18(7): The Chairman/members of the Committee may ask any question/request the
attendance of any person as a witness/for the production of anything/documents as the
Committee may reasonably consider relevant to the inquiry to clarify any matter arising out
of the evidence.

• Rule 18(13): The disciplinary process is deemed to be inquisitorial.

• Rule 18(8): At the close of the complainant’s case, the Chairman shall call upon the A&S
to respond to the complaint.

• Rule 18(9): At the close of the proceedings, the Chairman may call upon the parties to
make their final submissions, with the A&S making the first submission.

• Rule 20: Where the DC is not unanimous on any question/matter to be determined, the
decision of the majority shall be deemed to be the decision of the DC.
iii. Findings & Recommendations of the DC

• S.103C(1): Upon conclusion of the inquiry, a DC shall record its findings

• S.103B(1A): The DC shall keep a note of the proceedings of the inquiry and submit
the findings and the notes of the proceedings to the DB.

• Rule 19: The DC shall compile a record of proceedings consisting of all evidence
including documentary evidence tendered & shall submit the record of the
proceedings together with its report under rule 21 to the DB.

• Rule 21(1): The report of the DC shall state the findings of fact, recommendations &
reasons for the findings of fact & recommendations.

• Rule 21(3): The report of the DC together with the record of the proceedings
shall be sent to the Director within the time stipulated in rule 15 (i.e. 4 months).
• S.103C(1): Upon conclusion of the inquiry, the DC shall determine and make any one of
the following recommendations to the DB:
(a) that no cause for disciplinary action exists - hence the application/complaint be
dismissed;
(b) that cause for disciplinary action exists but is not of sufficient gravity to warrant any
punishment other than a reprimand/censure /that the circumstances are such
that the A&S should only be reprimanded/censured; or
(c) that cause for disciplinary action exists and is of sufficient gravity to warrant the A&S to
be subject to one/more of the following penalties/punishments: (as provided under
s.94(2)):
(i) reprimand/censure; 
(ii) imposition of a fine not exceeding RM50,000;
(iii) suspension of the A&S from practice /in the case of a foreign lawyer, recommendation
to the BC for suspension of registration, for such period not exceeding 5 years as the DC
deems appropriate in the circumstances; or
(iv) striking the A&S off the Roll or in the case of a foreign lawyer, recommendation to the
BC for revocation of the registration of the foreign lawyer.
• S.103C(2):The DC may in appropriate cases in addition to its recommendation of an
appropriate penalty/punishment - recommend that the DB make an order of restitution
by the A&S of the complainant’s monies if it is established that such monies were/are held
by the A&S in his professional capacity and the complainant is entitled to the return of
such monies or part thereof.          
4. Disciplinary Board’s Decision

• S.103D(1): After consideration of the report of the DC, the DB may make an order
affirming/rejecting the finding/ recommendation of the DC
- if the DB rejects the finding/recommendation of the DC, the DB shall record the reason for
the rejection.  

• S.103D(2): The DB may in appropriate cases impose a greater/lesser penalty or

punishment than that recommended by the DC.

• S.103D(3): Where the DB does not agree with the finding/recommendation of the DC,
the DB shall make such other order as it deems just.

• S.103D(4): Before the DB makes an order that is likely to be adverse against an A&S

under subsection (2)/(3), it shall notify the A&S of its intention to do so and give him a
reasonable opportunity to be heard.
• S.103(1): Where the DB has ordered a fine to be paid by an A&S / has ordered a
restitution to be made by an A&S
- such fine shall be paid/such restitution shall be made within 1 month from the date of
the order/such further date as the DB may allow
- in default thereof, the DB may order suspension of the A&S from practice until the
payment of such fine/sum to be restituted; or
- if the A&S is currently not in possession of a practicing certificate, order that no Sijil
Annual shall be issued to him until payment of the fine/ or sum to be restituted is
made; or
- in the case of a foreign lawyer, recommend to the BC to suspend his registration until
the payment of such fine/sum to be restituted is made.
Objection from any decision other than final order/decision made by the
DB/DC.

• S.103EA(1): Where a party is aggrieved by any decision, order, ruling/direction of

- the DC; or
- the DB other than a final order/decision made by the DB referred to in s.103E,
- the aggrieved party may file an objection in writing in respect of any such decision, order,
ruling/direction
- with the DC / DB, within 14 days of being duly notified of the decision, order,
ruling/direction.

• S.103EA(4): The DC / DB shall make such decision, order, ruling/direction on the

objection as it deems just; and shall proceed with the inquiry/proceeding until its
completion.
(5) Appeal against DB’s Decision

•  S.103E(1): Any party aggrieved by any final order / decision made by the DB —
(a) pursuant to subsection 94(4);
(b) under paragraph 100(1)(a), (3)(a) or subsection 100(7), (8) or (15); or
(c) under s.103D

- shall have the right to appeal to the High Court

- the appeal is to be made within 1 month from the date of receipt of notification of the final
order/decision.

• Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings) (Appeal) Rules 1994 – laid down

the procedure

• S.103E(4): The appeal shall be by way of an originating motion setting out the ground
of appeal supported by affidavit.
• Rule 3(1): An appeal under s.103E(1) shall be brought by filing an originating motion
substantially in Form 9 of the Rules of the High Court 1980 (now Rules of Court 2012).

• Rule 4: Within 7 days from the date of filing of originating motion, the appellant shall pay
to the Director a non refundable sum of RM500 as the deposit for obtaining copy of the
following documents:

(a) application/complaint made under s.99 and all documents which support the
application/complaint;
(b) written explanation made under subparagraphs 100(1)(b)(ii) & 103B(4)(b)(i);
(c) record of proceeding before the DC under s.103B;
(d) report that contains findings & recommendations of the DC under s.103C; and
(e) order made by the DB under s.103D.

• Rule 5(1): Within 6 weeks of the receipt of the documents, the appellant shall file an
affidavit which contains the appeal record in the High Court.
• S.103E(5): Any appeal against the decision of the HC shall lie to the COA and thereafter
to the Federal Court.

• Rule 11: Any appeal under s.103E(5) shall be made in accordance with the Court of
Judicature Act 1964 [Act 91], the Rules of the Court of Appeal 1994 [P.U. (A) 524/1994]
and the Rules of the Federal Court 1995 [P.U. (A) 376/1995]

• S.103E(7):The DB shall not be cited as a party in any appeal under this section.