Different

Types of
Animal
Adaptations
2 Learning Objectives;
At the end of the lesson the students shall be able
to;
▹ Discuss the function of the six organ system of
the body;
▹ Examine the negative feedback mechanism in
homeostasis by using an example;
▹ Determine the function of local signaling
molecules and animal hormones; and
▹ Explain the importance of human adaptation on
its survival.
3

Homoestasis
Refers to the process of keeping
the internal body environment in a
steady state, when external
environment is changed.
 Homeostasis
4
Conformers Regulators
They depend upon the changes in its They are able to control their
external environment. internal environment irrespective of
their external surroundings to an extent.
 Osmoconformers – concentration
conformers  Osmoregulator – concentration
regulators

 Thermoconformers – temperature  Thermoregulators – temperature

conformers (ectotherms/cold blooded regulators (endoderms/warm
animals) blooded animals)
 Human
Integumantary
System
Of all vertebrate organs, the outer body covering
called skin has the largest surface area.

5
 • It contains sensory
receptors that keep the
6 brain informed external
conditions.
• It serves as a barrier to keep
out pathogens and it helps
control internal
temperature.
• In land vertebrates, it also
helps conserve water.
• In humans, reactions that
produce vitamin D occur in
the skin.
 Evolution of
Nervous Systems
For an animal body to function as an integrated whole, its
cells must communicate with one another.

7
 Intercellular communication involves
8 three steps.
▹ First, a signaling molecule released
by one cell reversibly binds to a
receptor on or in another cell.
▹ Second, the signal is transduced,
meaning it is converted into a form
that has an effect in the signal-
receiving cell.
▹ Third, the signal receiving cell
changes in some way in response to
the signal.
 Nerve Net
Animals with radial symmetry have mesh of
interconnected neurons called a nerve net.

9
 ▹ Information flows in all directions
10 among cells of the nerve net, and
there is no centralized, controlling
organ that functions like a brain.
Sea anemones and other cnidarians
are the simplest animals with a
nerve net.
▹ By causing cells in the body wall
to contract a cnidarian nerve net
can alter the size of the mouth,
change the body’s shape, or shift
the position of the tentacles.
11
 Getting a Head
Evolution of bilateral body plans was accompanied
by cephalization

12
 ▹ an evolutionary process in which
13 neurons that detect and process
information about the external
environment became
concentrated at the body’s
anterior, or head end.
▹ A brain is a central control organ
of a nervous system. It receives
and integrates sensory
information, regulates internal
processes, and sends out signals
that bring about movements.
 Evolution of
Endocrine System
Cells of an animal body constantly signal one
another.

14
 Mechanisms of
15 Intercellular Signaling
▹ Gap junctions allow signaling substances to move directly between the
cytoplasm of adjacent cells. Other cell-cell communication involves
signaling molecules that are secreted into interstitial fluid (fluid between
the cells). These molecules exert effects only when they bind and
respond to a specific signaling molecule is a “target” of that molecule.
▹ Secreted signaling molecules exert their effect by a three-step process.
The molecules bind to a target cell’s receptor, the receptor transduces the
signal (changes it into a form that affects target cell behavior), and the
target cell responds.
 The Immune
System
Get rid of any harmful substances in the body.

16
 ▹ Its general response mechanisms
quickly rid the body of many
17 invaders.
▹ Leukocytes (white blood cells)
divide to form huge populations that
target a specific antigen and destroy
anything bearing it. Some
leukocytes that form during an
adaptive response persist for years
after the infection ends. If the same
antigen returns, these memory cells
can amount a secondary response.
 Gas Exchange
Gas exchange is very important in animals, as they require oxygen
in the production of higher amount of energy compared to process
of energy production without oxygen

18
 ▹ Anaerobic respiration - is the process
energy production without oxygen.
19
▹ In order to acquire oxygen, different
animals have evolved different
adaptations in order to adapt to their
environment. What is constant
among these organisms are:
▹ 1. A thin respiratory structure,
▹ 2. Moist respiratory surface, and
▹ 3. Respiratory with high surface area.
 Animal Nutrition
Animal Nutrition is the process of taking in, taking
apart and taking up the nutrients from a food source.

20
 ▹ Food processing has four main stages:
ingestion, digestion, absorption and
21
elimination or egestion.
▹ In ingestion, or process of taking in
food substances, the animal takes in
food in different ways. Microscopic
animals, for instance, can use special
cavities which can allow entrance of
food or they can use phagocytosis or
pinocytosis wherein food particles are
engulfed, thus creating food vacuole.
22
▹ The function of the stomach is not
only for digestion but also for
storage of food.
▹ Chemical digestion mainly happens
in small intestine, but also occurs in
the mouth and the stomach.
 Different Types of How Animals
23 Feed
Filter Feeding
▹ uses adaptation in feeding food
particles from the environment,
which is usually aquatic.
Examples of these are clams,
mussels, whales, and etc.
Substrate Feeding
▹ animals live in or on their food
source. Examples of this are the
leaf miner, maggots and other
parasites.
 Different Types of How Animals
24 Feed
Fluid feeding
▹ animals suck nutrient - rich fluid
from a host or a source. They
have different adaptations in
order to get food such as the
proboscis of mosquitoes, the
long tongue nectar feeding bats,
and long beaks of humming
bird.
Bulk feeding
▹ animals, such as humans, take in
large particle size food.
Different animals have acquired
different adaptations such as
tentacles, claws, venomous
fangs, large mandible and teeth
which aids in killing prey or
tearing off pieces of meat or
vegetation.
 Thank you ! Don’t forget to do your
activities and please pass it on time.

25
”
 IN TWO OR THREE
26 COLUMNS

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of Is the colour of the Is the color of
gold, butter and clear sky and the blood, and
ripe lemons. In the deep sea. It is because of this it
spectrum of located between has historically
visible light, violet and green been associated
yellow is found on the optical with sacrifice,
between green and spectrum. danger and
orange. courage.
 27

WANT BIG
IMPACT?
USE BIG
IMAGE.
 AND TABLES TO
28 COMPARE DATA

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16
29 MAPS

OUR
OFFICE
30

89,526,124
Whoa! That’s a big number, aren’t
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31
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That’s a lot of money

185,244 users
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32 OUR PROCESS IS EASY

first last

second
 LET’S REVIEW SOME
33 CONCEPTS

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and the Is the color of blood, and because of
lemons. In the spectrum of visible deep sea. It is located between violet this it has historically been
light, yellow is found between green and green on the optical spectrum. associated with sacrifice, danger and
and orange. courage.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and the Is the color of blood, and because of
lemons. In the spectrum of visible deep sea. It is located between violet this it has historically been
light, yellow is found between green and green on the optical spectrum. associated with sacrifice, danger and
and orange. courage.
 34
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39

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40 CREDITS

Special thanks to all the people who made and released

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 PRESENTATION
41 DESIGN

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43 TIMELINE

Yellow is the color of

Blue is the colour of the Red is the colour of danger Black is the color of ebony gold, butter and ripe White is the color of milk Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep sea and courage and of outer space lemons and fresh snow clear sky and the deep sea

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Yellow is the color of White is the color of milk Blue is the colour of the Red is the colour of danger Black is the color of ebony Yellow is the color of
gold, butter and ripe and fresh snow clear sky and the deep sea and courage and of outer space gold, butter and ripe
lemons lemons
44 ROADMAP
Blue is the colour of the Red is the colour of danger Black is the color of ebony
clear sky and the deep sea and courage and of outer space

1 3 5

2 4 6

Yellow is the color of gold, White is the color of milk Blue is the colour of the
butter and ripe lemons and fresh snow clear sky and the deep sea
45 GANTT CHART

Week 1 Week 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Task 1

Task 2 ◆

Task 3

Task 4 ◆

Task 5 ◆

Task 6

Task 7

Task 8
46 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Blue is the colour of the Yellow is the color of gold,
clear sky and the deep sea butter and ripe lemons

Black is the color of ebony White is the color of milk

and of outer space and fresh snow
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
 BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS

47 Key Partners
Insert your content
Key Activities
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Value Propositions
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Customer Relationships
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Customer Segments
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Key Resources Channels

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Cost Structure Revenue Streams

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48 FUNNEL

AWARENESS Insert your content

DISCOVERY Insert your content

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INTENT Insert your content

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49 TEAM PRESENTATION

Imani Jackson Marcos Galán Ixchel Valdía Nils Årud

JOB TITLE JOB TITLE JOB TITLE JOB TITLE
Blue is the colour of the clear Blue is the colour of the clear Blue is the colour of the clear Blue is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea sky and the deep sea sky and the deep sea sky and the deep sea
 COMPETITOR MATRIX

50 HIGH VALUE 2

Competitor
Compe
titor
Our company

Competitor

HIGH VALUE 1
LOW VALUE 1

Competitor

Competitor Competitor

LOW VALUE 2
51 WEEKLY PLANNER

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

09:00 - 09:45 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

10:00 - 10:45 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

11:00 - 11:45 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

12:00 - 13:15 ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time ✔ Free time

13:30 - 14:15 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

14:30 - 15:15 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

15:30 - 16:15 Task Task Task Task Task Task Task

52 EXTRA GRAPHICS · HUMAN BODY
53 MEDICAL ICONS

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