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Culture Documents
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The Golden Hour
is the time in which resuscitation of severely
injured patients must begin to achieve maximal
survive
R. Adams Cowley, MD
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THE GOLDEN HOUR
Probability of Survival R. Adams Cowley, MD
100
80
% survival
60
40
20
0 minutes
30 60 90
Survival is related to severity and duration
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The Trimodal Distribution of
Traumatic Disease
. Anesthesiology Clin 1987;25:1-18
50
Percent of trauma deaths
40
30
20
10
0 //
0 1 2 3 4.hrs 1-2 5-6 weeks
Time after injury
IMMEDIATE : CNS injury or Heart and great vessel injury
EARLY : Major hemorrhage
LATE : Infection and Multi Organ failure
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PENDERITA GAWAT DARURAT
HIPOKSEMIA
HIPERKARBIA
HENTI JANTUNG
HENTI NAFAS
SINDROMA IWR
6
Pertolongan Gangguan Mati dalam
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• Ukur tek darah
• Pasang infus
• Konsultasi ke
Dokter Bedah
• Beri Oksigen
• Periksa Hb
• Siap transfusi
9
PENANGANAN PASIEN TIDAK GAWAT
• Anamnesa
• Pemeriksaan fisik
Inspeksi
Palpasi
Perkusi
Auskultasi
• Pemeriksaan penunjang
• Diagnosa
• Terapi
Supportif
Simtomatis
Definitif / kausal
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PENANGANAN PASIEN GAWAT DARURAT
Stabilisasi
• Pemeriksaan penunjang
• Diagnosa
• Terapi defenitif
11
Primary survey and resuscitation
of vital functions are done
simultaneously – a team approach
12
KONSEP ATLS
• Primary Survey
A : Airway with C-spine control
B : Breathing with ventilation
C : Circulation with hemorrhage control
D : Disability : neurologic status
E : Exposure/environment with temperature control
• Resuscitation
• Secondary Survey
Head – to – toe evaluation and history
• Reevaluation
• Definitive care
13
LIFE SUPPORT
A : Airway Support
B : Breathing Support
C : Circulation Support
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First responder
Life saver
Resusitasi – stabilisasi
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability/Brain
15
Dr. Bedah
Dr. Obgyn
Perdarahan
Perdarahan post partum
trauma
SHOCK Resusitasi
KARENA 1 Stabilisasi Dr.
PERDARAHAN Umum
Definitif terapi
2
Awal
3 Dr.
Definitif terapi
Spesislias
akhir
22
23
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TRIAGE & LABEL
Boleh Ditangguhkan :
Kuning Keadaan tidak mengancam Jiwa
Segera ditangani bila yang
mengancam Jiwa sudah teratasi
KLINIK
RUMAH SAKIT
TERDEKAT
B
Breathing Pernafasan
Circulation Sirkulasi
Disability Kesadaran
C Exposure Pemaparan
D
E 28
Airway
menilai jalan nafas
• Bisa bicara ?
• Look, listen, and feel
• Gerak dada
• Gerak otot nafas tambahan
• Warna kulit, mukosa, kuku
29
Airway
waspada
30
Pasien tidak sadar
32
33
Breathing
menilai pernafasan
34
Breathing
waspada
ada jejas didada
• Tension pneumothorax
• Open pneumothorax
• Fracture costa, Flail chest
• Hematothorax
• Kontusio paru
35
Breathing
membantu pernafasan
36
Circulation
menilai sirkulasi
• Cardiac output
• Volume darah
• Perdarahan (external,internal)
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Circulation
waspada dan cari lokasi perdarahan
39
Estimasi tekanan darah
40
Disability
menilai kesadaran
• Periksa pupil (besar, simetri, refleks cahaya)
• Periksa kesadaran
A = Awake (sadar penuh)
V = respond to Verbal command (ada reaksi
terhadap perintah)
P = respond to Pain (reaksi thdp nyeri)
U = Unresponsive (tidak ada reaksi)
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Exposure
pemaparan
42
X – foto
(kalau ada)
• Tulang leher
• Dada
• Panggul
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Survei Sekunder
44
Setelah survei sekunder
• Pasien stabil
• Rujukan
• Definitive care
45
Ingat !!!!