GPS and GSM based vehicle

tracking System

Under the guidance of

internal guide name:
External guide name:

By
Student1
Student2
 AIM
• This Project presents an automotive
localization system using GPS and GSM-
SMS services. The system permits
localization of the automobile and
transmitting the position to the owner on his
mobile phone as a short message (SMS) at
his request.
•  
 The major building blocks of this project

• Regulated power supply with voltage regulator.

• Arduino Micro controller
• Crystal Oscillator
• Reset button
• GPS
• GSM
• DC motor
• LED indicators
GPS and GSM based vehicle tracking using AVR

Regulated power supply

DC
GPS Motor
Receiver driver

GSM
Arduino DC Motor
modem
Micro For Ignition
controller control
Crystal Oscillator

LED indicators
Reset Button
 Microcontroller
• Microprocessors and microcontrollers are widely used in
embedded systems products. Microcontroller is a
programmable device. A microcontroller has a CPU in
addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports and a
timer embedded all on a single chip. The fixed amount of on-
chip ROM, RAM and number of I/O ports in microcontrollers
makes them ideal for many applications in which cost and
space are critical.

• The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-

bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed
by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first
microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for
program storage, as opposed to One-Time Programmable
ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers
at the time.
• Memory: It has 8 Kb of Flash program memory (10,000
Write/Erase cycles durability), 512 Bytes of EEPROM
(100,000 Write/Erase Cycles).  1Kbyte Internal SRAM
• I/O Ports: 23 I/ line can be obtained from three ports;
namely Port B, Port C and Port D.
• Interrupts:  Two External Interrupt source, located at port
D. 19 different interrupt vectors supporting 19 events
generated by internal peripherals.
• Timer/Counter: Three Internal Timers are available, two 8
bit, one 16 bit, offering various operating modes and
supporting internal or external clocking.
• SPI (Serial Peripheral interface): ATmega8 holds three
communication devices integrated. One of them is Serial
Peripheral Interface. Four pins are assigned to Atmega8 to
implement this scheme of communication.
• USART: One of the most powerful communication solutions
is USART and ATmega8 supports both synchronous and
asynchronous data transfer schemes. It has three pins assigned
for that. In many projects, this module is extensively used for
PC-Micro controller communication.
 Applications

AVR microcontroller perfectly fits many uses, from

automotive industries and controlling home appliances
to industrial instruments, remote sensors, electrical door
locks and safety devices. It is also ideal for smart cards
as well as for battery supplied devices because of its
low consumption.
 RESET BUTTON
 Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a
'known' condition. That practically means that
microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately
under certain undesirable conditions. In order to
continue its proper functioning it has to be reset.
 A switch placed between the digital input and
ground will short the digital input to ground when it
is pressed.  This means the voltage seen at the input
will be high when the switch is open and low when
the switch is closed.
 OSCILLATOR

• An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that

produces a repetitive Electronic signal, often a sine
wave or a square wave.

• PIC micro controller internally having 4mhz clock

frequency.

• We are giving the 20Mhz clock frequency as an

external source for increasing the system performance
 Regulated power supply
The major blocks of power supply are given below
• Transformer
• Rectifier
• Filter
• 7805 voltage regulator
 GSM
• GSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile
communications, reigns (important) as the world’s most widely
used cell phone technology. Cell phones use a cell phone service
carrier’s GSM network by searching for cell phone towers in the
nearby area.

• Need of GSM:
1. The GSM study group aimed to provide the followings through
the GSM:
2. Improved spectrum efficiency.
3. International roaming.
4. Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BS)
5. High-quality speech
6. Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
and other telephone company services.
7. Support for new services.
 Advantages of GSM:
1.GSM is already used worldwide with over 450 million
subscribers.
  2. International roaming permits subscribers to use one
phone throughout Western Europe. CDMA will work in
Asia, but not France, Germany, the U.K. and other popular
European destinations.
  3.GSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This
maturity means a more stable network with robust features.
CDMA is still building its network.
4.GSM's maturity means engineers cut their teeth on the
technology, creating an unconscious preference.
5.The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which are
smart cards that provide secure data encryption give GSM
m-commerce advantages. 
 GPS(global positioning system)
• GPS stands for global positioning system, which provides
unequalled accuracy and flexibility of positioning for
navigation.

• The GPS provides continuous three-dimensional positioning

24 hrs a day throughout the world. GPS provides accurate
location and time information for an unlimited number of
people in all weather, day and night, anywhere in the world.

• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based

navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed
into orbit
• Factors that affect GPS:
1. Number of satellites - minimum number required.
2. Multi path - reflection of GPS signals near the antenna
3. Ionosphere - change in the travel time of the signal
4. Troposphere - change in the travel time of the signal
5. Loss of Radio Transmission from Base
6. Radio Frequency (RF) Interference
7. Signal Strength - Quality of Signal

• GPS Applications:
1. Surveying and Mapping
2. Navigation
3. Military
 DC MOTORS

 In any electric motor, operation is based on simple

electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a
magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external
magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the
current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external
magnetic field.

 Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (armature),

stator, commutator, field magnet's, and brushes. In most
common DC motors the external magnetic field is produced
by high-strength permanent magnets.
 ADVANTAGES OF DC MOTOR
• High output power relative to motor size and weight.
• Encoder determines accuracy and resolution.
• High efficiency. It can approach 90% at light loads.
• High torque to inertia ratio. It can rapidly accelerate
loads.
• Has "reserve" power. 2-3 times continuous power for
short periods.
 LED indicators
• LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a
semiconductor light source used as an
indicator.

• In the project, LED indicators are used

to show the Microcontroller health
status and indications for various
operations.

• The LED s used in the project works

with 2V, 10mA.
Advantages of the Project:

• Highly efficient and user friendly design.

• Easy to operate.
• Low power consumption.
• Location of the vehicle can be known using GPS.
• Efficient design.
• Works anywhere in the world (GSM availability).
• Incase of emergency intimation (accident) can be
sent to predefined numbers.
Disadvantages of the Project:

• Modem should be properly installed for

proper working of the system.
• Poor network signal can decrease the
performance of system.
• GPS takes time to get the signal from
satellite, when the system is switched ON.
Applications of the Project:

• VIP vehicle tracking.

• Child and animal tracking.
• Vehicle Security Applications.
• Ambulance tracking.
 Future scope of this project

• By using this project we can save the time and for

vehicle tracking it is very easy.

• By interfacing MMC/SD card to the system we can

log the path of the vehicle being traveled.
QUERIES?