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Chapter-1
Introduction 1
Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
•After completing this chapter, the students will be able to:
coordinate the actions of multiple processes on a communication network, such that all
A Distributed System is any network structure that consists of autonomous computers
A Distributed System contains a collection of autonomous computers linked through a
• The machines that are a part of a distributed system may be computers, physical
servers, virtual machines, containers, or any other node that can connect to the
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Distributed systems are groups of networked computers which share a common goal for
their work.
The computers in a distributed system are not necessarily constrained to the same
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geographic locale, but rather can be located anywhere across the world.
Cont…
A Distributed computer system consists of multiple software components that are
on multiple computers, but run as a single system.
The computers that are in a Distributed System can be physically close together
and connected by a local network, or they can be geographically distant and
connected by a wide area network.
computer.
Cont…..
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Cont…
The existence of multiple autonomous computers is transparent to the user
in a distributed system.
The user is not aware that the jobs are executed by multiple computers
exist in remote locations.
This means that like centralized systems no single computer in the system
carries the entire load on system resources that running a computer
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Cont…
A distributed System is a collection of independent computers
that appears to its users as a single coherent system.
Two aspects:
Middleware 10
Cont…
messages.
Example of Distributed Systems
Social Networking (Facebook)
Distributed File Systems
P2P Network
Cloud Network
Grid Computing
Google Web Server, Indexing Server, Google bots, etc. 15
Centralized Vs. Distributed System
One component with non-autonomous parts.
Component shared by users all the time.
All resources accessible.
Software runs in a single process.
Single Point of control.
Single Point of failure. 16
Centralized Vs. Distributed System
Multiple autonomous components.
Components are not shared by all users.
Resources may not be accessible.
Software runs in concurrent processes on different
processors.
Multiple Points of control.
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Reliability (fault tolerance): if some of the machines crash, the system can survive.
Incremental growth: as requirements on processing power grow, new machines can be added
incrementally.
• Redundancy 28
Transparency
Distributed systems should be perceived by users and
application programmers as a whole rather than as a
collection of cooperating components.
QUESTIONS???
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