HOMEWORK 2

AORTIC VALVES

Margy P. Paredes
Caballero

01180021022

Practice III
 ¿ WHAT IS IT?

Prosthetic heart valves (PCVs) are man-

made compounds designed to replace a
human heart valve, consisting of a hole
through which blood flows and an occluding
mechanism that closes and opens the hole.

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 MECHANICS
They are made of materials such as plastic or metal.
The most recent models are made up of a small
cylinder of pyrolytic carbon. Pyrolytic carbon is graphite
bombarded with carbon atoms at very high
temperatures, a material almost as hard as diamond. It
is very low thrombogenic (not prone to clots or
embolisms) and begins to wear out after the equivalent
of 80 years of operation. However, over time, these
prostheses become clogged, so patients need to take
oral anticoagulants daily and indefinitely. They
generally have a useful life of 20 to 30 years.

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 BIOLOGICAL
They are made from animal or human tissue. They are
recommended in patients who do not want to take anticoagulants or
want to continue with risky sports; and that you do not have
limitations for its implementation. The main drawback of biological
prostheses is a limited duration of 12-15 years. Currently there are
three types of biological prostheses:
Ring-mounted aortic valve grafts from a pig
Those built with the membrane that covers the heart (cow's
pericardium) and also mounted on a ring
Human cadaveric aortic valve grafts (homograft), which are directly
stitched without a ring. The latter are the least used due to the
difficulties derived from obtaining them.

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 ADVANTAGE
MECHANICAL BIOLOGICAL
Durability: its materials are so resistant that, despite They do not need anticoagulation; Because, being
this torrent, no wear is observed even after years organic material, the blood does not tend to clot
and years. when in contact with them.
 DESVENTAJES
MECHANICAL BIOLOGICAL
 Clots formation: they can break and cause an obstruction (stop) Over time, despite the fact that
to the blood flow in some part of the body; can also cause valve biological valves are subjected to
blockages special treatments to prevent
 Problems derived from anticoagulation (prevents the formation deterioration, they undergo
of clots): can promote heavy bleeding degeneration ("wear"). Therefore,
 The valves can become infected (endocarditis): formation of over the years, they may require a
small vegetations on the valve that can break or block the valve new intervention to remove them
 Leaks or blockages: due to the presence of scar tissue and change them for a new one.
 Damage: to red blood cells (blood cells) causing hemolytic
anemia (breakdown of red blood cells)
 ¿ WHICH IS BETTER?

You cannot say that one type of

artificial heart valve is better than the
other. What there is is a suitable
type for the type of patient, taking
into account factors such as age,
medical history, anatomy and other
factors that we will see below.

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 REFERENCES

Prótesis valvulares. Https://fundaciondelcorazon.Com/informacion-para-pacientes/tratamientos/

protesis-valvulares
Válvulas biológicas vs válvulas mecánicas. Ventajas e inconvenientes. Cirugía Cardiovascular en Sevilla.
https://cirugiacardiovascularsevilla.com/valvulas-biologicas-mecanicas-ventajas-inconvenientes/
Válvulas cardíacas protésicas: revisión histórica del tema. Revista Cubana de Cirugía.
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-74932010000100012