CIRCULATORY

SYSTEM
 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• A NETWORK CONSISTING OF BLOOD, BLOOD
VESSELS, AND THE HEART. THIS NETWORK
SUPPLIES TISSUES IN THE BODY WITH OXYGEN
AND OTHER NUTRIENTS, TRANSPORT
HORMONES, AND REMOVES UNNECESSARY
WASTE PRODUCT.
PARTS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
MAJOR PARTS OF CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
• HEART- MUSCULAR ORGAN THAT PUMPS BLOOD
THROUGOUT THE BODY.
• VEINS- BLOOD VESSELS THAT CARRY BLOODS
TOWARDS THE HEART.
- O2 POOR BLOOD- VALVES TO PREVENT BACKFLOW.
• ARTERY- BLOOD VESSEL THAT CARRIES BLOOD
AWAY FROM THE HEART TO OTHER PARTS OF THE
BODY.
- O2 RICH BLOOD- EXPAND AND CONTRACT - BEAT
ARTERY AND VEIN
• CAPILLARIES- VERY TINY BLOOD VESSEL – SO
SMALL THAT A SINGLE RED BLOOD CELL CAN
BARELY FIT THROUGH THEM.
PARTS OF THE HEART
O2
 PATHWAY OF BLOOD
1. LEFT VENTRICLE 9. PULMONARY VEIN
2. AORTA/ARTERY 10. RIGHT ATRIUM
3. CAPILLARY 11. LEFT VENTRICLE
4. VEIN START OVER
5. RIGHT ATRIUM
6. RIGHT VENTRICLE
7. PULMONARY ARTERY
8. LUNGS = O2
ANTIBODIES AND ANTIGENS
• BLOOD IS MADE UP OF RED BLOOD CELLS, WHITE
BLOOD CELLS, AND PLATELETS IN A LIQUID
CALLED PLASMA. YOUR BLOOD GROUP IS
IDENTIFIED BY ANTIBODIES AND ANTIGENS IN
THE BLOOD.
• ANTIBODIES- PROTEINS PRODUCED AND
SECRETED BY B CELLS. THE TERM “ANTIBODY”
REFERS TO ITS FUNCTION, WHICH IS TO BIND TO
AN ANTIGEN.
• ANTIGEN- A TOXIN OR OTHER SUBSTANCE WHICH
INDUCES AN IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE BODY,
ESPECIALLY THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES.
 BLOOD TYPES
• BLOOD TYPE A- HAS A ANTIGENS ON THE RED
BLOOD CELLS WITH ANTI-B BODIES IN THE
PLASMA.
• BLOOD TYPE B- HAS B ANTIGENS IN THE PLASMA.
• BLOOD TYPE AB- HAS BOTH A AND B ANTIGENS,
BUT NO ANTIBODIES.
• BLOOD TYPE O- HAS NO ANTIGENS, BUT BOTH
ANTI-A AND ANTI-B INTOBODIES IN THE PLASMA
BLOOD TYPE CHART
 BLOOD PRESSURE
• MEASURE OF THE PRESSURE EXERTED BY THE
BLOOD ON THE VESSEL WALLS.
• SYSTOLE – HEART CONTRACTIONS, HIGHEST
PRESSURE
• DIASTOLE- HEART RELAXES, LOWEST PRESSURE

SYSTOLE:
DIASTOLE:
SQUEEZE
THICK
 BLOOD PRESSURE
• NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE (HEALTHY ADULT)
_SYSTOLE_ 120
DIASTOLE 80

• NORMAL RANGE FOR TEENS

100 TO 145
60 95
CIRCULATORY
PROBLEMS
 HYPERTENSION
• HYPERTENSION = HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
• HYPERTENSION – HIGHER THAN AVERAGE BLOOD
PRESSURE – THIS CAN LEAD TO HEART DISEASE,
HARDENED ARTERIES, AND KIDNEY DAMAGE.
• WHAT HAPPENS?
-HEART STRUGGLES TO PUMP BLOOD, AND A
TEAR SHAPE FORMS IN ARTERIESWHICH LEADS TO
ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
 ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS - BLOCKED ARTERIES DUE TO
FAT DEPOSITS, BLOOD CLOTS, AND OTHER
MATERIALS.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
 CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS
• MANY FACTORS AFFECT THE RATE OF BLOOD
FLOW INCLUDING:
- GENETICS
- LIFESTYLE FACTORS SUCH AS DIET, EXERCISE,
STRESS, DRUGS, ALCOHOL, OBESITY, SODIUM AND
SUGAR INTAKE.
 CONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS
• DIET
• EXERCISE
• WEIGHT
• SMOKING
• DRINKING
• DIABETES
• HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
• HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL
 UNCONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS
• AGE
• FAMILY HISTORY – GENES
• GENDER
 CHOLESTEROL
• ORGANIC COMPOUND (LIPID) THAT IS USED TO
MAINTAIN MEMBRANE FLUIDITY. IT IS ALSO USED
TO SYNTHESIZE HORMONES.
• GOOD CHOLESTEROL = HDL
• BAD CHOLESTEROL = LDL – BLOCKS ARTERIES
QUIZ TIME!!
1. A NETWORK CONSISTING OF BLOOD, BLOOD
VESSELS, AND THE HEART. THIS NETWORK
SUPPLIES TISSUES IN THE BODY WITH
OXYGEN AND OTHER NUTRIENTS,
TRANSPORT HORMONES, AND REMOVES
UNNECESSARY WASTE PRODUCT.
A.) CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
B.) SKELETAL SYSTEM
C.) NERVOUS SYSTEM
D.) DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
2. IT IS A MAJOR PART OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
THAT PUMPS BLOODTHROUGHOUT THE BODY.
A.) KIDNEY
B.) AORTA
C.) HEART
D.) VEINS
3. IT IS THE LARGEST ARTERY IN THE BODY AND
THE HEART’S MUSCULAR PUMPING CHAMBER.
A.) HEART
B.) AORTA
C.) VEIN
D.) AORTIC VALVE
4. THIS ARE THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT DELIVER
OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE
TISSUES OF THE BODY.
A.) VEINS
B.) AORTA
C.) ARTERIES
D.) CAPILLARIES
5. IT IS THE PART OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE
DURING WHICH SOME CHAMBERS OF THE
HEART MUSCLE CONTRACT AFTER REFILLING
THE BLOOD.
A.) SYSTOLE
B.) DIASTOLE
C.) AORTA
D.) VEINS
6. IT IS THE PERIOD DURING WHICH THE TWO
VENTRICLES ARE RELAXING.
A.) SYSTOLE
B.) DIASTOLE
C.) AORTA
D.) VEINS
7. THIS ARE THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT CARRIES
OXYGEN-POOR BLOOD TOWARDS THE HEART.
A.) VEINS
B.) AORTA
C.) ARTERIES
D.) CAPILLARIES
8-11. ENUMERATE THE 4 MAJOR PARTS OF THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.
-
-
-
-
12-15. ENUMERATE THE 4 CHAMBERS OF THE
HEART.
-
-
-
-
 ANSWERS
1. A 8. HEART
2. C 9. VEINS IN ANY
ORDER
3. B 10. ARTERIES
4. C 11. CAPILLARIES
5. A 12. RIGHT VENTICLE
6. B 13. LEFT VENTRICLE IN
ANY
7. A 14. RIGHT ATRIUM ORDER

15. LEFT ATRIUM