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If and Other Conjunction Clauses

Quick Summary of Conditionals :
In English, we have 4 different kinds of Conditional
sentences :

If Type 0 (zero) - Present Real situations

(Facts, scientific facts)
If Type 1 - Present or Future Real situations
If Type 2 - Present or Future Unreal situations
If Type 3 - Past Unreal situations

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Exercises :

1. You ____________ (notice) my new haircut if you had been

more attentive.

2. If you _____________ (enjoy) modern art, we could visit the

new exhibition.

3. If there were an ashtray in the house, we _____________

(not / need) to go to the balcony to smoke a cigarette.

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4. He knows very few people in this town.
He (not stay) _________________ at home most of the time
watching TV if he (have) ___________________ someone to
go out with.

5. I can’t cook at all.

If I (can) _______________ cook, I (invite) ______________
my friends for dinner at home.

6. You see Tom at work every day, don’t you?

If you (see) ____________ him tomorrow, (tell)
_______________ him what has happened.

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7. You don’t like him at all, do you ?
If you (like) ____________________ him, you (talk)
______________________ to him.

8. That dress is so beautiful!

You (look) ___________________ gorgeous at the reception
if you (wear) ______________ it.

9. Mary wants to be healthy.

She (not smoke) _____________________ so much if she
(worry) _______________ so much about her health.

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10. I’m sorry I shouted at my friend.
He (not get) ________________________ angry with me
if I (not be) ___________________ so rude.

11. I hope he phones me again.

If he (ring) ____________________ me up, I (apologise)
_____________________________

12. If you ________________ (not / warn) me about the time of

the lesson yesterday, I ______________________ (miss) it.

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Answer Key

1. Would have noticed 2. Enjoyed

3. Wouldn’t need 4. Wouldn’t stay/had
5. Could/would invite 6. See/tell
7. Liked/would talk 8. Will look/wear
9. Wouldn’t smoke/worried 10. Wouldn’t have got/hadn’t been
11. Rings/will apologise 12. Hadn’t warned/would’ve missed

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UNLESS = IF ….. NOT

Unless means except if or simply it means if...not.

Both of these examples have the same meaning and refer to the
present time.

You can't go on vacation unless you save some money. =

If you don't save some money, you can't go on vacation.

If you don’t study, you will not pass your exam. =

Unless you study, you won’t pass your exam.

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UNLESS = IF ….. NOT

Exercises :
1. If she doesn’t apologise, I will never speak to her again.
Unless ________________________________________.
2. You cannot go into bars ___ (unless/if) you are over 18.

3. In my country, ___ (unless/if) you cannot speak English,

it's hard to get a good job.

4. We'll be late ___ (unless/if) we leave soon.

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AS SOON AS

We use as soon as to show that something happens immediately,

I’ll call you as soon as I arrive. / I’ll call you as soon as I arrive
[= ‘I will arrive and then I’ll call you immediately.’]

As soon as I have the information, I’ll tell you.

[= ‘I’ll get the information and then I’ll tell you immediately.’]

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AS SOON AS

Exercises : Combine the following sentences using as soon as.

1. He received the telegram. He started at once.

2. He finished his work. He went out immediately.
3. The bus arrived. At once the passengers rushed to board it.
4. The mother saw her son. She embraced him immediately.
5. The bell rang. Presently the students ran out of the class.
6. I went to bed. I fell asleep within no time.
7. She said it. At once she realized her mistake.

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AS SOON AS

Answers

1. As soon as he received the telegram, he started.

2. As soon as he finished his work, he went out.
3. As soon as the bus arrived, the passengers rushed to board it.
4. As soon as the mother saw her son, she embraced him.
5. As soon as the bell rang, the students ran out of the class.
6. As soon as I went to bed, I fell asleep.
7. As soon as she said it, she realized her mistake.

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IN CASE

In case is used when taking precaution against a possible

threat/danger, to avoid an unwanted situation.

Examples :

Take an umbrella in case it rains!

Do something in case something happens.
Set up your alarm clock in case we fall asleep.
Wear your helmet in case you fall.
Bring your bathing suit in case we go swimming.
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IN CASE

Exercises : Join the sentences using in case.

1. We'll take some food. We get hungry on the road.

2. They can't find her house. Laura will draw a plan for him.
3. Take an umbrella with you. It rains.
4. My friend calls. I don't want to go out.
5. Sally will write down the number. She forgets it.

Just in case ! : (T) N’olur n’olmaz !

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I WISH / IF ONLY
I wish we had more time = If only we had more time
(If only is more emphatic than I wish)

There are three types of I wish / if only sentences

1. WISH

Use : A wish in the present or in the future with the simple

past. The simple past here is an unreal past.

Form : If only / I wish + simple past

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I WISH / IF ONLY

Example : If only I knew how to use a computer.

(I don’t know how to use a computer and I would like to learn how
to use it).

*When you use the verb to be the form is “were”.

e.g. I wish I were a millionaire!

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I WISH / IF ONLY

2. REGRET

Use : To express a regret. The action is past.

Form : If only / I wish + past perfect

Example : If only I had woken up early.

(I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus.)

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I WISH / IF ONLY

3. COMPLAINING

Use : To complain about a behavior that you disapprove in present

time

Form : If only / I wish + would + verb

e.g. I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time.

(I'm angry because you always come late and I want
you to arrive on time)
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I wish … (for Present)

When we use wish+ past, we speak about our wish in the present.

Examples : I wish I were a doctor. I wish they went to the concert

I wish we were together.
Exercises : Fill in the verbs with the wishes in the present :
1. I wish he ____ (go) to the exhibition.
2. She wishes Nick ____ (call) her.
3. Tim wishes he ____ (write) the letter.
4. Kate wishes Sally ___ (send) an SMS.
5. I wish Tim ____ (arrive) in time.

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I wish … (for Past)
When we use wish+ past perfect, we say that something had
happened differently from our wish in the past.
Examples : I wish he hadn’t seen that film. (But he saw)
I wish he had come in time. (But he didn’t)
Exercises : Fill in the verbs with the wishes in the past :

1. I wish I ____ (go) to Paris.

2. We wish we ____ (visit) the exhibition.
3. I wish I ____ (hear) this concert.
4. He wishes he ____ (not loose) his passport.
5. I wish I ____ (go) to bed earlier.
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For more info, you can watch these videos.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vefS0B1DIY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX8N9RiGCZg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_NnkRYCX8s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8yOEonnOgU

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