Instructional Models

Topic Objectives:

◆ Develop a comprehensive understanding of what teaching models are

and how they differ from teaching strategies
◆ Identify and discuss the various types of instructional models, namely
the Concept Learning Models, the Inquiry Learning Model, and the
Valuing Models
◆ Discuss how each of the teaching models are supported by the works
of psychologists, educators, and researchers
◆ Compare and contrast the foci of instruction of each instructional
model presented

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 What is
Instructional
Model?
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 -Models represent the
Let’s start broadest
with the first setlevel of instructional
of slides
practices and present a philosophical orientation to
instruction.
-Models are used to select and to structure teaching
strategies, methods, skills, and student activities for a
particular instructional emphasis. 

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 - Models provide guidelines to organize appropriate
pedagogical scenarios to achieve instructional
goals

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 Role of Instructional Model

◆ It may help the teacher to develop his capacity to teach

larger number of children and create conducive
environment for their learning.
◆ It may help the curriculum makers to plan learning
centered curriculum which provides a variety of
educational experiences to children.

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 Role of Instructional Model

◆ It may help to create more interesting and effective

instructional material and learning sources.
◆ It may stimulate the development of new and better
forms and opportunities for education, that will replaces
schools of today.

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 - The Concept Learning
Models
- The Inquiry Learning
Model
- The Valuing Models

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 “
The Concept Learning Models

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 - Concept learning is largely based on the works of the
cognitive psychologist Jerome Brunner.
- Designed to help the students become more effective
in learning concepts

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 Types of Concept Learning Models

◆ Taba’s Inductive Thinking Model

◆ Concept Development Model
◆ Concept Attainment Model

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 Taba’s Inductive Thinking
Model

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 Taba’s Inductive Model
◆ The Inductive Thinking Model is
an adaptation from the work of
Hilda Taba (1966).

◆ This Model was developed by

Hilda Taba, a curriculum theorist.

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 It
is designed to train learners in mental processes by which we in
teract with data or bodies of information,
interpret these and arrive at generalisations
Aim
To help students in organizing information and
exploring relationship among sets of data

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 Basic assumptions
 -Thinking can be taught
 -Thinking is an active interaction between the
individual and the data
 -Process of thought evolve by a sequence that is lawful

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 Syntax of Taba’s Inductive Thinking Model
Phases Overt Activity

Phase 1 - Enumeration, Listing

a. Concept Formation
Phase 2
b. Interpretation of Data
- Grouping
- Labeling
- Identifying critical relationships(Comparing)
- Exploring relationships (Explaining)
- Making inferences(Generalizing)

Phase 3 - Predicting, consequences, explaining unfamiliar

phenomena, hypothesizing
c. Application of Principles - Supporting the prediction
- Verifying the prediction
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 Concept Development Model

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 Concept Development Model

◆ Based on the work of Hilda Taba (1966), the concept

development model provides students with opportunities for
inductive thinking and the important strengthening of their
conceptual background for study. Engaging students in the
development of generalizations related to key concepts is an
important part of their preparation for more advanced
work.

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 Steps in the Concept Development Model

1. List as many items as possible that are associated with the subject.
2. Group the items because they are alike in some ways.
3. Label the groups by defining the reasons for grouping.
4. Regroup or subsume individual items or whole groups under the groups.
5. Synthesize the information by summarizing the data and forming
generalizations.
6. Evaluate students’ progress by assesing their ability to generate a wide variety
of items and to group these items flexibly.

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 Concept Attainment Model

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 Concept Attainment Model

◆ This model is based on the studies of Jerome Bruner and his

associates (1997).
◆ It designed to teach concepts to students and the corresponding
thinking skills of categorizing concepts.

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 ◆ Lesson may begin by exhibiting an example with
indication of the attributes to be observed.
◆ Presentation of situations leading to discrimination,
classification, generalization, definition-in short, concept
attainment

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 Syntax of the Concept Attainment Model

1. Select and define concept.

2. Select the attributes.
3. Develop positive and negative examples.
4. Introduce the process of the students.
5. Present the example and list the attributes.
6. Develop a concept definition.
7. Give additional examples.
8. Discuss the process with the class.
9. Evaluate.
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 PRINCIPLES OF REACTION

◆  Teacher acts as a guide, motivator, facilitator etc.

◆  Teacher creates an atmosphere of meaningful
dialogue
◆  Encourages different strategies

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 Types of Concept Learning Model

Concept Concept
Taba’s Inductive
Development Attainment
Model
Model Model

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 “
The Inquiry Learning Model

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 ◆ This model is a modification of the scientific method
◆ Aim - To teach the students the art of independent
inquiry in a disciplined way
◆ General goal - To develop the intellectual disciplines
and skills necessary to raise questions and search out
answers stemming from curiosity

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 Basic Assumptions

  All knowledge is tentative

  There cannot be one answer to particular cause and effect
question
  People inquire naturally when they are puzzled
  The process of inquiry can be taught to students
  Team approach is better than individual approach to find
solutions to a problem

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 Syntax of the Inquiry Learning Model

1. Identifying a Problem or a Question

2. Formulating Hypothesis
3. Gathering Data
4. Assessing Hypothesis
5. Generalizing
6. Analyzing of the Inquiry Process

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 For more information about the topics presented,
please visit the links below.

◆ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-RlLVQYhJt8
◆ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxvX6B_0nnI
◆ https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Ql
wkerwaV2E

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 “

Thank you!
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