Institutions facilitating International Trade

Dr.M.Saravanan
Associate Professor & Head
Department of Commerce (International Business)
Sree Narayana Guru College
K.G.Chavadi, Coimbatore – 641 105
Email.: shravan.murugan@gmail.com
Mobile.: + 91 99434 37749
The World Bank is an 
international financial institution that provides loans
and grants to the governments of poorer countries for
the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
The World Bank Group is an extended family of five international
organizations, and the parent organization of the World Bank, the collective
name given to the first two listed organizations, the IBRD and the IDA:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
The World Bank was created at the 1944 Bretton
Woods Conference, along with the 
International Monetary Fund (IMF).  The World Bank and the
IMF are both based in Washington, D.C., and work closely with
each other.
The World Bank is an international organization dedicated to
providing financing, advice, and research to developing nations to aid
their economic advancement. The bank predominantly acts as an
organization that attempts to fight poverty by offering developmental
assistance to middle- and low-income countries.
The World Bank supplies qualifying governments with low-interest loans,
zero-interest credits, and grants, all for the purpose of supporting the
development of individual economies.
Debt borrowings and cash infusions help with global education,
healthcare, public administration, infrastructure, and private-sector
development.
The World Bank also shares information with various entities through
policy advice, research and analysis, and technical assistance. It offers
advice and training for both the public and private sectors.
The World Bank and IMF are headquartered in Washington, D.C.
The World Bank currently has more than 10,000 employees in more
than 120 offices worldwide. 
The President of the Bank is the president of the entire 
World Bank Group. The president is responsible for chairing meetings of
the Boards of Directors and for overall management of the Bank.
Traditionally, the President of the Bank has always been a US citizen
nominated by the United States, the largest shareholder in the bank
(the managing director of the International Monetary Fund having
always been a European).
The nominee is subject to confirmation by the Board of Executive
Directors, to serve for a five-year, renewable term.
 David Malpass
World Bank President
He was selected as 13th President of the
World Bank Group by its Board of Executive
Directors on April 5, 2019.  His five-year term
began on April 9.
 Board of Governors

The Boards of Governors consist of one Governor

and one Alternate Governor appointed by each
member country. The office is usually held by the
country's minister of finance, governor of its central
bank, or a senior official of similar rank. The
Governors and Alternates serve for terms of five
years and can be reappointed.
All powers of the Bank are vested in the Boards of Governors, the
Bank's senior decision-making body according to the 
Articles of Agreement. However, the Boards of Governors has
delegated all powers to the Executive Directors except those
mentioned in the Articles of Agreement.
These powers include:

• Admit and suspend members;

• Increase or decrease the authorized capital stock;
• Determine the distribution of the net income of the Bank;
• Decide appeals from interpretations of the Articles of
Agreement by the Executive Directors;
• Make formal comprehensive arrangements to cooperate
with other international organizations;
• Suspend permanently the operations of the Bank;
• Increase the number of elected Executive Directors; and
• Approve amendments to the Articles of Agreement.