Methods of securing attendance of accused at trial/

Metodes om beskuldigde se aanwesigheid by hof te

verseker

STUDY UNIT 7
LEEREENHEID 7
 Notice
Kennisgewing
• These slides do not replace • Hierdie skyfies vervang nie
the prescribed study material. die voorgeskrewe
studiemateriaal nie.
 Methods
Metodes
• S 38 CPA: • Art 38 SPW:
• Summons (lower courts) • Dagvaarding (laer howe)
• Written notice (lower courts) • Skriftelike kennisgewing (laer
• Indictment (high court) howe)
• Arrest • Akte van beskuldiging
(hooggeregshof)
• Also see sections 18-20 Child
Justice Act. • Sien ook artikels 18-20 Child
Justice Act.
 Summons (s 54 CPA): Used for lower court when accused not to be arrested/ not already in
custody
Dagvaarding (art 54 SPW): Gebruik in laer howe as besk. Nie gearresteer gaan word/ nie reeds
inhegtenis is nie

Prosecutor prepares charge & Aanklaer berei aanklag voor & oorhandig aan Klerk van
hands to Clerk of Court with particulars of accused. Hof tesame met besk. se besonderhede.

Clerk of court issues summons & Klerk van Hof reik dagvaarding uit en oorhandig aan
hands to police/ sheriff polisie/balju
[“Issue” means prepares, signs & stamps] [“uitreik” verwys na voorbereiding, teken, stempel]

Summons served (“handed over”) Dagvaarding beteken (“oorhandig”)

14 days prior to trial date (excl. Sundays/ public holidays) 14 dae voor verhoor (uitg. Sondae/ openbare vak.)
Personally or person over 16 at place of abode/work. Persoonlik of persoon 16 by woon-werkplek.
Return of service: prima facie proof of service. Relaas: prima facie-bewys van betekening
 Failure to appear in court after summons – s 55 CPA
Versuim om na dagvaarding in hof te verskyn – art. 55 SPW
• If court (magistrate) satisfied form return • Indien hof (landdros) op grond van relaas
of service summons was properly served, tevrede is dat dagvaarding behoorlik beteken
it issues arrest warrant. is: lasbrief vir inhegtenisneming uitreik.
• If summons made provision for admission • Indien dagvaarding vir skulderkenningsboete
of guilt fine (aog): Court must endorse (EVS) voorsiening maak: Hof moet
warrant to effect that accused may still dagvaarding. endosseer dat besk. steeds
boete kan betaal sonder om in hof te verskyn.
pay the fine without appearing in court.
• Hof mag lasbrief endosseer dat besk.
• Court may further endorse warrant that Skulderkenningsboete mag betaal vir versuim
accused may pay admission of guilt fine om te verskyn.
for failure to appear.
• Indien besk. Versuim om te betaal: hof kan
• If accused fails to pay: court may hold summiere ondersoek hou na versuim: was
summary enquiry. Was failure to appear besk. se versuim te wyte aan sy skuld?:
due to fault of accused?: Fine/ 3 months. Boete/3 maande.
Failure to appear in court after summons cont. Versuim
om na dagvaarding in hof te verskyn vervolg
• Execution of arrest warrant: • Tenuitvoerlegging van lasbrief tot
inhegtenisneming:
• Arresting officer may release
• Arresteerder mag besk. vrylaat indien dit
accused if it appears that accused blyk dat hy dagvaarding ontvang het en
received summons and he/she will dat hy/sy in hof sal verskyn op
appear in court if warned. waarskuwing.
• Arresting officer must release if it • Arresteerder moet besk. vrylaat indien
appears accused (i) did not receive dit blyk dat hy (i) nie dagvaarding
summons; (ii) has paid admission ontvang het nie; (ii) die
skulderkenningsboete betaal het of (iii)
of guilt fine or (iii) failure to appear die versuim om te verskyn nie aan sy
was not due to any fault on his skuld te wyte was nie. Waarsku om in
part. Warn to appear in court. hof te verskyn
 Summons & Child Justice Act
Dagvaarding & Child Justice Act
• Summons to appear at preliminary inquiry.
• Served on child in presence of
parent/guardian/ appropriate adult.
• In exceptional circumstances served on
child and later handed over to one of the
abovementioned adults.
• Police officer serving summons must
inform child of specific rights and
procedures ito CJA.
• Parent/ guardian adult must bring/ cause
child to be brought to preliminary inquiry.
• Police officer must inform probation officer.
• Dagvaarding om by voorlopige ondersoek te
verskyn.
• Beteken op kind in teenwoordigheid van
ouer/voog/geskikte volwassene.
• Kan in uitsonderlike omstandighede op kind
beteken word & later aan een van bg.
volwassenes oorhandig word.
• Polisiebeampte wat dagvaarding beteken moet
kind van spesifieke regte en prosedures
kragtens die CJA inlig.
• Ouer/voog/ volwassene moet kind na
voorlopige ondersoek bring.
• Polisiebeampte moet proefbeampte in kennis
stel.
 Written notice to appear in court – s 56 CPA
Skriftelike kennisgewing om in hof te verskyn – art 56 SPW
• Issued by peace officer if he/she • Uitgereik deur vredesbeampte indien
believes court will not impose fine van oordeel dat hof by
exceeding R 5000 (whether accused in skuldigbevinding nie boete van meer
custody or not). as R5000 sal oplê nie (hetsy besk. in
• Written notice must be endorsed with hegtenis is of nie).
option to accused to pay admission of • Moet geëndosseer wees met opsie dat
guilt fine. besk. Skulderkenningsboete kan
• Failure to appear: same consequences betaal.
as in summons. • Versuim om te verskyn: dieselfde
• Child Justice Act i.r.o. service of written gevolge soos by dagvaarding.
notice similar to that pertaining to • Child Justice Act: betekening soos in
summons die geval van dagvaarding.
Distinguish summons/ written notice from compounding
Onderskei tussen dagvaarding/skriftelike kennisgewing en
afkoopboete
• Compounding of minor traffic • Afkoop van kleiner
offences/municipal byelaws (s 341 verkeersoortredings/ munisipale
CPA): ordonnansies ondergeskikte
wetgewing (a 341 SPW):
• Does not begin court process (no
court date). • Hofproses begin nie (geen hofdatum).
• Indien betaal: geen vervolging.
• If paid: no prosecution.
• Dagvaarding en skriftelike
• Summons & written notice: kennisgewing:
• Begins court process (court date). • Hofproses begin (hofdatum)
• If admission of guilt fine paid: • Indien skulderkenningsboete betaal:
entered as a conviction word as skuldigbevinding aangeteken.
 Indictment
Akte van beskuldiging
• High Court.
• Contains charge.
• To be served on accused 10 days
prior to trial (excl. Sundays &
public holidays).
• Usually handed over to accused
by magistrate when committing
accused for trial in High Court.
• Details will be discussed in study
unit pertaining to “the charge”.
• Hooggeregshof.
• Bevat aanklag.
• Beteken 10 dae voor verhoor
(behalwe Sondae & openbare
vakansiedae).
• Gewoonlik aan besk. oorhandig deur
landdros wanneer saak na
hooggeregshof oorgeplaas word.
• Besonderhede sal hanteer word in
leereenheid wat oor “die aanklag”
handel.
 Arrest
Inhegtenisneming
• Drastic infringement of rights
(especially s 12 Constitution:
personal freedom).
• Preferably with arrest warrant.
• Arrest is prima facie unlawful:
onus on arrestor/police to prove
arrest was lawful.
• Ernstige inbreukmaking op
grondwetlike regte (veral art. 12:
persoonlike vryheid).
• Verkieslik met lasbrief tot
inhegtenisneming.
• Inhegtenisneming/Vryheidsont-
neming is prima facie onregmatig:
onus op arresteerder/ polisie om
regmatigheid van
inhegtenisneming te bewys.
 General requirements for lawful arrest
Algemene vereistes vir regmatige arrestasie
1) Must be authorised by law - 1) Moet deur reg gemagtig word:
statutory provision. statutêre bepaling.

2) Physical control over arrestee. 2) Fisiese beheer oor

Unless arrestee submits, arrest
effected by touching body or
using force. (It is a myth that
“touching body” is general
requirement for lawful arrest).
gearresteerde. Tensy arrestant
onderwerp, arres uitgevoer
deur aanraking van liggaam of
geweld. (Mite dat liggaam
aangeraak MOET word vir
arres om regmatig te wees).
 General requirements for lawful arrest
Algemene vereistes vir regmatige arrestasie
3) Inform arrestee of reason for arrest 3) Lig gearresteerde in van rede vir
(Whether adequately informed arres (Of voldoende ingelig hang af van
depends on circumstances eg. caught omstandighede, bv. op heterdaad
red-handed). Hand copy of warrant on betrap). Gee afskrif van lasbrief op
demand (Rautenbach case). versoek (Rautenbach-saak)

4) Bring arrestee to appropriate 4) Arrestant moet so gou as moontlik

authority (police station/place
mentioned in warrant as soon as
possible) - relates more to lawfulness
of detention than lawfulness of arrest.
na toepaslike owerheid gebring word
(polisiestasie/plek vermeld in lasbrief) -
meer te make met regmatigheid van
aanhouding as regmatigheid van
inhegtenisneming.
 Key case regarding lawfulness of arrest
Sleutelsaak rakende regmatigheid van inhegtenisneming.

• READ: Sekotho (SCA). • LEES: Sekhoto (HHA).

• Main purpose is to bring arrestee to
court/justice-if for ulterior purpose: arrest
unlawful.
• Not general requirement that arrestor must
utilise less drastic measures (eg summons)
if authorised by law to arrest (Sekhoto)
even if accused will probably appear, BUT
different considerations where child
involved [Radhuva (CC): arrestor must
consider less invasive means].
• Arrestor has discretion to arrest: discretion
must be exercised rationally.
• Oogmerk van arres om beskuldigde voor
hof/gereg te bring. Indien nie-onregmatig.
• Nie algemene vereiste dat arresteerder
minder drastiese metode (bv dagvaarding
moet gebruik as hy deur wet gemagtig is
om te arresteer nie, selfs waar
beskuldigde waarskynlik self in hof sal
verskyn MAAR ander oorwegings by
kinders [Radhuva (KH): moet minder
drastiese metode oorweeg].
• Arresteerder het diskresie om te arresteer:
moet rasioneel uitgeoefen word.
 Arrest with warrant (s 43 CPA & s 20 CJA)
Inhegtenisneming met lasbrief (a 43 SPW & a 20 CJA)
• Issued by magistrate/justice of peace • Uitgereik deur landdros vrederegter na
upon application by DDP, prosecutor aansoek deur DOV, aanklaer of polisie-
or police officer. offisier.
• Application must set out (i) alleged • Aansoek moet uiteen sit: (i) beweerde
offence; (ii) within area of jurisdiction/ misdaad; (ii) gepleeg binne
or person within area of jurisdiction of regsgebied/of persoon binne
magistrate or Justice of the Peace and regsgebied van landdros of vrederegter
(iii) reasonable suspicion person has en (iii) redelike vermoede dat persoon
committed the alleged offence. beweerde misdaad gepleeg het.
• May be issued any day. Remains in • Mag op enige dag uitgereik word. Bly
force until executed or cancelled by geldig tot uitgevoer of deur uitreiker
issuer. gekanselleer.
Arrest with warrant (s 43 CPA & s 20 CJA)
Inhegtenisneming met lasbrief (a 43 SPW & a 20 CJA)
• Warrant must direct that peace • Lasbrief moet gelas dat
officer arrest & person be brought vredesbeampte persoon arresteer
before lower court in accordance en voor laer hof bring
with s 50 CPA. ooreenkomstig art 50 SPW.
• Child (CJA): warrant must direct • Kind (CJA): lasbrief moet gelas dat
child to be brought before kind voor voorlopige ondersoek
preliminary enquiry. gebring word.
• Telegraphic/ similar • Telegrafiese/soortgelyke
communication of warrant is kommunikasie van lasbrief is
sufficient basis to arrest & detain. genoegsame grond om te
arresteer.
 Execution of arrest warrant
Tenuitvoerlegging van lasbrief tot inhegtenisneming
• Warrant is executed by peace officer.
• Warrant gives discretion to arrest.
• Effect if arrestor arrests wrong person on
defective warrant and has no knowledge
of such defect (not negligent). Arrestor
not personally liable for wrongful arrest:
Ss 46 and 331 CPA. State remains liable.
• Copy of warrant to be handed to arrestee
upon demand (Rautenbach case).
• READ: Kruger case (SCA):
• Validity requirements for arrest warrant
& right to dignity when arrest effected
• Lasbrief uitgevoer deur vredesbeampte.
• Lasbrief verleen diskresie om te arresteer.
• Uitwerking as arresteerder verkeerde
persoon weens gebrekkige lasbrief, maar nie
kennis dra van gebrek nie. Arresteerder nie
persoonlik aanspreeklik nie: arts 46 en 331
SPW. Staat bly aanspreeklik.
• Afskrif van lasbrief moet op versoek van
gearresteerde oorhandig word (Rautenbach–
saak)
• LEES: Kruger-saak (HHA):
• Geldigheidsvereistes vir lasbrief en reg op
waardigheid by inhegtenisneming
 Arrest without warrant – s 40 CPA
Inhegtenisneming sonder lasbrief – art 40 SPW
• Section 40 CPA lists circumstances in • Art. 40 SPW meld omstandighede
which arrest may be effected without waarin sonder lasbrief gearresteer
warrant: consult text book. mag word: sien teksboek.
• Provision regarding “reasonably • Veral “redelikerwys verdink dat Bylae
suspects commission of Schedule 1 1 misdryf gepleeg” van groot belang
offence” of great importance in in die praktyk.
practise. • LEES: Swart-saak (HHA) as voorbeeld.
• READ: Swart case (SCA) as an
example.
 Powers of arrest of private persons – s 42 CPA
Bevoegdhede van private persone om in hegtenis te kan neem – art
42 SPW
A private person may arrest without warrant a
person
(a) who commits or attempts to commit in his
presence or whom he reasonably suspects of
having committed an offence referred to in
Schedule 1;
(b) whom he reasonably believes to have
committed any offence and to be escaping from
and to be freshly pursued by a person whom such
private person reasonably believes to have
authority to arrest that person for that offence;
(c) whom he is by any law authorized to arrest
without warrant in respect of any offence specified
in that law;
(d) whom he sees engaged in an affray.
'n Private persoon kan iemand sonder lasbrief in
hegtenis neem-
(a) wat 'n in Bylae 1 bedoelde misdryf in sy
teenwoordigheid pleeg of poog te pleeg of wat hy
redelikerwys verdink dat hy so 'n misdryf gepleeg
het;
(b) wat hy redelikerwys vermoed 'n misdryf gepleeg
het en aan die vlug is van en onmiddellik agtervolg
word deur iemand wat bedoelde private persoon
redelikerwys meen die bevoegdheid besit om daardie
persoon weens daardie misdryf in hegtenis te neem;
(c) wat hy kragtens 'n wet bevoeg is om ten opsigte
van 'n in daardie wet bepaalde misdryf sonder
lasbrief in hegtenis te neem;
(d) wat hy aan die baklei sien.
Powers of arrest of private persons – s 42 CPA
Bevoegdhede van private persone om in hegtenis te kan
neem – art 42 SPW
• Any private person who may without
warrant arrest any person under
subsection (1)(a) may forthwith pursue that
person, and any other private person to
whom the purpose of the pursuit has been
made known, may join and assist therein.
• The owner, lawful occupier or person in
charge of property on or in respect of
which any person is found committing any
offence, and any person authorized thereto
by such owner, occupier or person in
charge, may without warrant arrest the
person so found.
• 'n Private persoon wat iemand kragtens
subartikel (1) (a) sonder lasbrief in hegtenis
mag neem, kan daardie persoon onverwyld
agtervolg, en 'n ander private persoon aan
wie die doel van die agtervolging bekend
gemaak is, kan daarby aansluit en hulp
verleen.
• Die eienaar, wettige okkupant of persoon in
beheer van eiendom waarop of met
betrekking waartoe daar gevind word dat
iemand 'n misdryf pleeg, en iemand deur
bedoelde eienaar, okkupant of persoon in
beheer daartoe gemagtig, kan so iemand
sonder lasbrief in hegtenis neem.
 Procedure after arrest
Prosedure na inhegtenisneming
• Must be brought to place station/ place mentioned • Moet so gou moontlik na inhegtenisneming na
in warrant as soon as possible after arrest. polisiestasie/plek vermeld in lasbrief gebring word.
• 48 hours requirement: may be extended ito s 50(1) • 48 uur vereiste: mag i.t.v. a 50(1)(d) SPW/a 35(d) GW
(d) CPA/ s 35(d) Constitution. Know these verleng word. Ken dit & die belang van “hofdag” in
circumstances & relevance of definition of “court hierdie verband. LEES Mashilo v Prinsloo (HHA).
day” in this regard. READ Mashilo v Prinsloo (SCA). • Aanhouding wat volg op onregmatige
• Detention following upon unlawful arrest generally inhegtenisneming, gewoonlik ook onregmatig.
also unlawful. • Onregmatige aanhouding kan regmatig word as hof
• Unlawfulness of detention may seize if court orders verdure aanhouding bevel na behoorlike
further detention after proper bail inquiry. Arrestee borgondersoek. Gearresteerde behou reg om siviele
retains right to institute action civil for unlawful aksie in te stel vir onregmatige
arrest/ initial period of unlawful detention. inhegtenisneming/aanvanklike periode van
• READ: Ndlovu case (SCA). onregmatige aanhouding.
• Police may still release on written notice to appear • LEES: Ndlovu-saak (HHA).
after arrest. • Polisie mag besk. steeds op skriftelike waarskuwing
vrylaat na inhegtenisneming.
 Effect of arrest - s 39 CPA
Uitwerking van in hegtenisneming – art 39 SPW
• Arrestee in lawful custody until
lawfully discharged or released.
• Unlawful arrest does not effect issue of
criminal liability.
• Arrestee may challenge lawfulness of
detention & be released if unlawful (s
35(2)(d) Constitution). -interdictum de
libero homine exhibendo (habeas
corpus- common law remedy.
• Unlawful to detain awaiting trial
prisoner with sentenced prisoners
(Zealand (CC)).
• Gearresteerde in wettige bewaring totdat
wettiglik daaruit ontslaan of vrygelaat word.
• Onregmatige arres beïnvloed nie
strafregtelike aanspreeklikheid nie.
• Gearresteerde mag regmatigheid van
aanhouding betwis en geregtig om
vrygelaat te word indien onregmatig
(Interdictum de libero de homine
exhibendo/habeas corpus: gemeenregtelike
remedie.
• Onregmatig om verhoorafwagtende saam
met gevonniste gevangenis aan te hou
(Zealand (KH)).
 Duty to arrest - s 47 CPA
Plig om te arresteer – art 47 SPW
• Every male inhabitant of the Republic
of an age not below sixteen and not
exceeding sixty years shall, when
called upon by any police official to do
so, assist such police official –
(a) in arresting any person;
(b) in detaining any person so arrested
• Offence if person fails to do without
sufficient cause.
• Elke manlike inwoner van die Republiek wat
nie jonger as sestien en nie ouer as sestig
jaar is nie, moet, wanneer hy deur 'n
polisiebeampte aangesê word om dit te
doen, so 'n polisiebeampte behulpsaam
wees-
(a) met die inhegtenisneming van 'n
persoon;
(b) met die aanhouding van 'n aldus
gearresteerde persoon.
• Iemand wat sonder voldoende rede hieraan
in gebreke bly is aan ‘n misdaad skuldig.
 Use of force to effect arrest – s 49 CPA
Gebruik van geweld by inhegtenisneming – art 49 SPW
• 49. Use of force in effecting arrest
• (1) For the purposes of this section-
• (a) ‘arrestor’ means any person authorised
under this Act to arrest or to assist in
arresting a suspect;
• (b) ‘suspect’ means any person in respect of
whom an arrestor has a reasonable
suspicion that such person is committing or
has committed an offence; and
• (c) 'deadly force' means force that is likely
to cause serious bodily harm or death and
includes, but is not limited to, shooting at a
suspect with a firearm.
• 49 Gebruik van geweld by inhegtenisneming
• (1) Vir die doeleindes van hierdie artikel beteken-
• (a) "arresteerder" 'n persoon wat ingevolge hierdie
Wet gemagtig is om 'n verdagte in hegtenis te
neem of om met sy of haar inhegtenisneming
behulpsaam te wees;
• (b) "verdagte" 'n persoon ten opsigte van wie 'n
arresteerder 'n redelike vermoede het dat
sodanige persoon 'n misdryf pleeg of gepleeg het;
en
• (c) "dodelike geweld" geweld wat waarskynlik
ernstige liggaamlike besering of dood kan
meebring, met inbegrip van, maar nie beperk nie
tot, die skiet op 'n persoon met 'n vuurwapen.
 Use of force to effect arrest – s 49 CPA
Gebruik van geweld by inhegtenisneming – art 49 SPW
• 2) If any arrestor attempts to arrest a • (2) Indien 'n arresteerder poog om 'n
suspect and the suspect resists the verdagte in hegtenis te neem en die verdagte
attempt, or flees, or resists the attempt hom of haar teen die poging verset, of vlug,
of hom of haar teen die poging verset en
and flees, when it is clear that an vlug, wanneer dit duidelik is dat 'n poging
attempt to arrest him or her is being aangewend word om hom of haar in hegtenis
made, and the suspect cannot be te neem, en die verdagte nie sonder die
arrested without the use of force, the aanwending van geweld in hegtenis geneem
arrestor may, in order to effect the kan word nie, kan die arresteerder, ten einde
arrest, use such force as may be die inhegtenisneming uit te voer, die geweld
gebruik wat redelikerwys nodig en
reasonably necessary and proportional proporsioneel in die omstandighede is om
in the circumstances to overcome the die verset te bowe te kom of om die verdagte
resistance or to prevent the suspect te verhinder om te vlug,
from fleeing,
 Use of force to effect arrest – s 49 CPA
Gebruik van geweld by inhegtenisneming – art 49 SPW
• but, in addition to the requirement that the
force must be reasonably necessary and
proportional in the circumstances, the
arrestor may use deadly force only if-
• (a) the suspect poses a threat of serious
violence to the arrestor or any other
person; or
• (b) the suspect is suspected on reasonable
grounds of having committed a crime
involving the infliction or threatened
infliction of serious bodily harm and there
are no other reasonable means of effecting
the arrest, whether at that time or later.
• maar, bykomstig by die vereiste dat die geweld
redelikerwys nodig en proporsioneel in die
omstandighede moet wees, mag die
arresteerder dodelike geweld slegs gebruik
indien-
• (a) die verdagte 'n bedreiging van ernstige
geweld teenoor die arresteerder of 'n ander
persoon inhou; of
• (b) die arresteerder op redelike gronde
vermoed dat die verdagte 'n misdryf gepleeg
het wat die toediening of dreigende toediening
van ernstige liggaamlike besering behels het en
daar geen ander redelike manier is waarop die
inhegtenisneming, hetsy op daardie tydstip of
later, uitgevoer kan word nie.
 Escape from custody
Ontsnapping uit wettige bewaring
• S 51 CPA: Person arrested/ in lawful
custody but not yet in police station,
police-cell or lock-up commits crime
if he escapes or attempts to escape.
• Also crime to aid escape, harbouring
and concealing escapee.
• S 117(a) Correctional Services Act:
escape if already placed in lock-up.
• State must prove lawfulness of
arrest.
• Art.51 SPW: iemand in wettig
gearresteer/in wettige bewaring
bewaring maar nog nie in gevangenis,
polisiesel of opsluitplek geplaas pleeg
misdaad indien ontsnap of poog om te
ontsnap.
• Ook hulp by ontsnapping/herberg
skuiling bied aan ontsnapte is misdaad.
• Art 117(a) Wet Op Korrektiewe Dienste:
Ontsnapping indien reeds opgesluit.
• Staat moet bewys arres was regmatig.
Arrest of children: Child Justice Act
Inhegtenisneming van kinders: Child Justice Act
• Children under 10.
• Police must hand child to parents/
appropriate adult/guardian OR
suitable youth care centre if none of
the above available/in best interests
of child AND inform probation officer.
• Probation officer must assess child
and have various options at his/her
disposal (eg referral to children’s
court, counselling, accredited
programme, no action).
• Kinders onder 10.
• Polisie moet kind oorhandig aan
ouers/geskikte volwassene/voog OF
jeugsorgsentrum as geeneen van bg.
Beskikbaar is nie/ in beste belang van
kind EN lig proefbeampte in.
• Proefbeampte moet kind assesseer &
het verskeie opsies tot sy/haar
beskikking (bv. verwysing van kind na
Kinderhof, berading, geakkrediteerde
program, geen optrede).
Child between 10 and 18 (CJA)
Kinders tussen 10 en 18 (CJA)
• Right not to be detained except as measure
of last resort & only for shortest
appropriate period of time.
• Special provisions for detention of children.
• May not be arrested for CJA Schedule 1
offence-unless compelling reasons exist.
• CJA Schedule 1 offence: must release as
soon as possible in care of parents/
appropriate adult/guardian or consider
other options of release.
• Possibility of child and youth care centre or
police-cell/lock-up (detailed requirements).
• Reg om nie aangehou te word behalwe as
laaste uitweg nie & slegs vir die kortste
gepaste tydperk.
• Spesiale voorskrifte m.b.t. aanhouding van
kinders.
• Mag nie vir CJA Bylae 1-misdaad gearresteer
word-tensy daar oortuigende redes is.
• CJA Bylae 1-misdaad: so gou moontlik vrylaat
in sorg van ouers/geskikte volwassene/voog
of ander vrylatingsopsies oorweeg.
• Moontlikheid van aanhouding in
jeugsorgsentrum of polisiesel/aanhouding
(gedetailleerde voorskrifte)
Extradition (Extradition Act of 1962)
Uitlewering (Wet op Uitlewering van 1962)
• If suspect/accused is in foreign country. Principle of • Indien besk./verdagte in buitelandse jurisdiksie is.
sovereignty. Soewereiniteitsbeginsel.
• Generally in terms of a treaty. • Oor die algemeen kragtens uitleweringsverdrag.
• Broad principles: • Breë beginsels:
• Double criminality • Dubbele kriminaliteit
• Political crimes • Politieke misdade
• Speciality • Spesialiteit
• Not if death sentence may be imposed • Nie as doodstraf opgelê kan word
• Ne bis in idem • Ne bis in idem.
• Extradition sought from SA: • Uitlewering van SA gevra:
• Extradition inquiry held by magistrate. • Uitleweringsondersoek gehou deur landdros.
• Associated state: magistrate may order extradition. • Verbonde staat: landdros kan uitlewering beveel.
• If not associate state magistrate refers to : Minister of • Indien verbonde staat nie: Landdros verwys na
Justice to decide. Minister van Justisie vir besluit.