CHEMICAL PROCESS ANALYSIS

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS

DESIGN OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
“Series of operations in which any substance is transformed from raw materials into
final products”

Reactants Chemical
process Products
Raw materials Final product
Feedstock Ready for sale without
significant further
process
DESIGN OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Objectives

 Produce one or more useful substances.

Achieve quality requirements.
Work under safe conditions.
Minimize pollutants emissions.
Profitability.
DESIGN OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
For example:

¿Do you think petroleum is a raw material or a final

product?
DESIGN OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Do you think petroleum is a raw material or a final product?

 It is a final product after its treatment.

 The treatment depends of the oil type
that we have as a raw material.
 During oil treatment we separate it
from associate gas and water,
eliminate salts, sulfide and carbonate
oxides.
What does a chemical process contain?

 𝑨+ 𝑩 →𝑪

  >>;B
<<

  Products
Feed Separation
Preparation Reaction processes
      >>

• Secondary products
• Waste

Some streams contain pollutants that have Treatment

to be treated before they are released to processes
the environment
What does a non chemical process contain?

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  >>;B
<<

  Products
Extracción Separation
Feed Preparation Cristalización
L-L
S-L processes
  >>
   

• Secondary products
• Waste

Treatment
processes
 solvent

For example
A

E
Trituració n Laminado

D
H
I
F

Extracció n S-L Evaporació n

N
PROCESS ENGINEERING DIAGRAMS
The best way to present all data is

using visual aids.

A process diagram contains

information such as process

variables, equipment, raw materials
and products of a specific process.
It is fundamental that chemical

engineers are able to design and

understand process diagrams.
PROCESS ENGINEERING DIAGRAMS
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAMS (BFD)

PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION

DIAGRAMS (PID)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS (PFD)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS (PFD)
Schematic representation of process secuence, stages, equipment and
principal streams.
 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS (PFD)
• Its a esquematich representation of the process, its

operation normal conditions and its basic control.

Aditionally, relates the effluents (liquid, gases and
solids) emanating from process.

• Relates • Mass Balance

• Process Equipment
• Process Line
• Control Strategies
 Descripción
de equipos

Notas,
simbología
Equipos y
corrientes de
proceso

B.M
Información del
proyecto
 Descripción
de equipos

Notas,
simbología
Equipos y
corrientes de
proceso

B.M
Información del
proyecto
It contains:
 Name of the company who is making the diagram.
 Name and ID of the designer, draftsman and project manager. COMPANY
 Date of issuance.
 Review’s name
 Diagram information (code)
 It contains all the information of all the reviews
that has been made:

 Designer and draftsman name and ID,

managers ID, date of issuance and name of
the review.

 It contains the information (name and

code) of all the diagrams and documents
that you need to review to understand all
the details that the PDF presents.
 NOMBRE DE LA SECCIÓN DE LA INSTALACIÓN
EMPRESA

DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO DE PROCESOS

DE ….

 It contains the
 It contains the name of the diagram,
information of the
the company who is developing the
company who is going
project and the name of the project.
to develop the project
(name, workers who
 Scale, date of issuance, diagram
are involved with the
code, and review name.
project)
 Descripción
de equipos

Notas,
simbología
Equipos y
corrientes de
proceso

B.M
Información del
proyecto
Equipment symbols
Equipment nomenclature

All equipments and their description are presented.

Each equipment has a code asigned.

number
name

area

P- Pump
R-Reactor
C-Compresor
E-Heat Exchanger

A/B is used when units work on parallel or replacement,

Equipment nomenclature

1 2 3 4 5 5

1 Letter indicating equipment name

2 Code to identify the plant
3 Code to identify área or section of the plant
4,5 Consecutive number equipment (from 0 to 99)
6 Duplicity equipment

For instance

Four identycal equipment (with the same function) A/B/C/D

Tomado de :http://biblioteca.uns.edu.pe/
PROCESS LINES

• Each process line from and to equipment is identified

with a number inside a diamond, to refer it to the
mass balance table.

• Assign numbers to streams in increasing order

according to the main flow path.

• Modify the numeration when there are changes on

pressure or temperature on the stream.

• Assignt as 1 to feed principal stream.

• Use to identify feed and product of principal

stream
PROCESS LINES (drawing)

• Two baselines will be used

Thick line : Principal stream

Thin line : Secondary streams (vapor, wáter and other utilities)

• All process lines must go from left to right. Starting with an arrow with a
short tittle and a description with the origin or its destination
To…..
From …..

Treated water
 Descripción
de equipos

Notas,
simbología
Equipos y
corrientes de
proceso

B.M
Información del
proyecto
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS (PFD)

 Contains design specifications of process equipments and its operating conditions.

 Name of the equimpent that the facility will have.

 It contains design and operating values of principal variables:

Temperature, pressure, flow

 It contains equipment dimensions.

 Descripción
de equipos

Notas,
simbología
Equipos y
corrientes de
proceso

B.M
Información del
proyecto
 Notes are messages that complement
the information that diagrams have.

 They must be concise.

 They must be listed if they are refered

to a specific part of the diagram.
 Descripción
de equipos

Notas,
simbología
Equipos y
corrientes de
proceso

B.M
Información del
proyecto
Mass balance has to be reported on a table and which presents the following information:

• Number stream
• Description stream
• Mass flow or volumetric flow
• Temperature and pressure operation
• Density
• Physic state
Finally

• Symbols used to name the streams, codes and part of the structure
of PFD is designed by a Company manuals.

• PFD is supplemented by a text with the process description.

• Before designing PFD it is neccesary to calculate mass balances,

equipment selection and calculation.