Network

Programming
Network Programming
involves writing computer programs that enable processes to communicate with each
other across a computer network.

Connection-oriented and connectionless

communications
Most of communications can be divided into 

*Connection-oriented

*Connectionless
Connection-oriented and connectionless
communications
Examples of connection-oriented protocols
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
•  Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX)
Examples of connectionless protocols
 * User Datagram Protocol (UDP),
 * Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX).

Clients and Servers

For connection-oriented communications, communication parties usually have different roles.
-Server
-Client
Connection-oriented and connectionless
communications
For connectionless communications, one party ("server") is usually waiting for an
incoming packet, and another party ("client") is usually understood as the one which
sends an unsolicited packet to "server".
Protocols and APIs
Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most
of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up). The table below contains
some examples of popular protocols belonging to different OSI/ISO layers, and
popular APIs for them.