Nursing

Procedures
2 Nursing Treatments

Performing Taking Vital

Personal Signs
Hygiene
NURSING
TREATMEN
TS

Performing Diagnostic Giving Injections/

Procedures medications
 Taking Vital Signs

3
4 Vital Signs
Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic
functions. The four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical
professionals and health care providers include the following:
▹ Body temperature
▹ Pulse rate
▹ Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
▹ Blood pressure (Blood pressure is not considered a vital sign,
but is often measured along with the vital signs.)
Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring medical
problems. Vital signs can be measured in a medical setting, at home,
at the site of a medical emergency, or elsewhere.
5 Temperature
The normal body temperature of a person varies depending on
gender, recent activity, food and fluid consumption, time of day, and,
in women, the stage of the menstrual cycle.
Normal body temperature can range from 97.8 degrees F (or
Fahrenheit, equivalent to 36.5 degrees C, or Celsius) to 99 degrees F
(37.2 degrees C) for a healthy adult.
6

A person's body temperature can be

taken in any of the following types of
thermometer:
▹ Oral
▹ Axillary
▹ Rectal
▹ Tympanic
▹ Automated
7 Taking Temperature
procedure
1. Explain the procedure
2. Perform hand hygiene, put on gloves
3. Ask the patients to roll up his/ her sleeves/
remove the buttons
4. Clean the armpit with tissue
5. Insert the thermometer in the patient’s
armpit, ask the patient to cross his/ her
armpit
6. Wait until the thermometer beeps
8 Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against
the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the
heart.
Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure.
The higher number (systolic pressure) and lower number
(diastolic pressure)
9 Taking Blood Pressure
Anatomy of Sphygmomanometer
10 Taking Blood Pressure
 Procedures

11 ▹ Place the cuff snugly and neatly onto the patient’s arm, 2cm above
the brachial artery

▹ Measure the estimated systolic level; Palpate radial artery and

inflate the cuff until the pulse disappears. Have a look at the reading.
 ▹ Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope gently over the
brachial artery. 
12

▹ Inflate the cuff to 30mmHg above the estimated systolic

level
 ▹ Slowly deflate the cuff at a rate of 2-
13
3mm/second, noting when the
Korotkoff sounds appear (systolic)
and disappear (diastolic) to the
nearest 2mmHg.
▹ Deflate the cuff completely.
 Giving Injections

14
16 Type of Injections
17 Equipment
▹ Cannula dressing
▹ Alcohol swab
▹ Pre filled saline flush
▹ Gauze
▹ Tourniquet
▹ Cannula
▹ Extension set
▹ IV line
▹ Infusion bag
▹ Sterile gloves
▹ Field
▹ Kidney dish
18 Setting IV Line
▹ Introduce yourself and confirm
patient’s data
▹ Explain procedure and gain consent
▹ Perform hand Hygiene
▹ Inspect patient’s arm, and inspect for
a suitable vein
 ▹ Apply tourniquet
19 ▹ Put on gloves
▹ Palpate the vein

▹ Clean the site for 30 sec. and let it

dry

▹ Prepare Cannula
 ▹ Insert cannula at 10-30 degree
▹ Observe the flashback
20

▹ Withdraw the introducer needle

▹ Advance cannula into the vein

▹ Remove the tourniquet and introducer needle

▹ Attach the extension set and IV line
▹ Flush the cannula
▹ Apply cannula dressing
21 Venepuncture
Equipment
▹ Gloves
▹ Tourniquet
▹ Gauze
▹ Blood collection device
▹ Sample tube
▹ Alcohol swab
▹ Bandage/ Plaster
22 Venepuncture Procedures
▹ Introduce yourself and confirm patient’s data
▹ Explain procedure and gain consent
▹ Perform hand Hygiene
▹ Inspect patient’s arm, and inspect for a suitable
vein
 ▹ Apply tourniquet
▹ Put on gloves
23
▹ Palpate the vein

▹ Clean the site for 30 sec. and let it dry

▹ Anchor the vein from below using your thumb

▹ Insert needle at 30 degree (or less)
▹ Observe the flashback
24 ▹ Pull the plunger and fill the sample
tube
▹ Release the tourniquet and remove
needle

▹ Apply pressure using gauze

▹ Apply plaster
25 IM INJECTION
Equipment
26 Procedure
▹ Explain the procedure:
▸ Illness the vaccination is against
▸ Immunity
▸ Normal reaction to vaccination
▸ Side effect and adverse
• Gain Consent
• Perform hand hygiene
• Choose non dominant arm
• Inspect the injection site (about 3 finger-length from the shoulder)
 ▸ Disinfect the site with alcohol
27 swab
▸ Put on gloves

▸ With thumb and index finger

holding the syringe, penetrate
the skin gently at 90 degree.
▸ Push the plunger and remove the
needle.

▸ Apply bandage
 Speaking
28 Nurse : Good morning, Ms. Keaton.
Patient : Good morning, Nurse Evelyn
Nurse : According to doctor’s order, today I am going to take
your blood sample for diagnostic examination.
Patient : Wait, Does it hurt?
Nurse : Well, yes. It may feel a little bit uncomfortable, but it
won’t last long. Would that be alright, Ma’am?
Patient : Alright, fine. I’m ready, Nurse.
Nurse : Alright. Could you please tell me about your DOB?
Patient : October, 31st 1982
Nurse : Okay. Please kindly wait. I’d like to go to the nurse
station to get the equipment.
 Speaking
29 Nurse :Alright Ms. I’d like to check the vein in your arm first.
Could you please roll up your sleeves?
Patient : Sure. here you go, nurse.
Nurse : Now, I’d like to wrap this tourniquet around your arm to
clog the vein for a while.
Okay, take a deep breath… and relax.
Patient : Is it done nurse?
Nurse : Yes, it is. How do you feel, Ms. Keaton?
Patient : I didn’t even feel the pricking. I feel alright. So when
will I get the result of the examination?
Nurse : The result will come out by this afternoon.
Patient : Thank you nurse. Please keep me informed.
Nurse : Anytime, ma’am. I will.
 Speaking
Patient : Good morning nurse.
Nurse : Good morning, Ma’am. According to the schedule, Today I’d like to give
30 vaccination against covid19. It may feel uncomfortable but you should be fine. Would that be
alright?
Patient : Yes, nurse. I’m ready for it.
Nurse : May I please have your DOB?
Patient : July 21st 1975
Nurse : Good. Now, roll up your sleeve please.
Take a deep breath.. Inhale.. exhale.. Yes just like that.
.. And done. How do you feel?
Patient : It’s done? I barely felt that, nurse.
Nurse : Yes it is. Since covid19 vaccination may cause discomfort such as nausea or headache,
I need you stay here for the next 30 minutes. But I hope you’ll feel fine.
Patient : Okay, Nurse. Thanks so much
Nurse : You’re most welcome Ms.
 Enough
With Adjective, Adverbs, and Nouns

31
32 Enough
Enough changes positions depending on whether it is
modifying a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. When modifying
an adjective, or an adverb, enough follows.

I can’t buy this pair of shoes I don’t have enough money.

Blair is not old enough to join summer camp.

 Adjective & Adverb +
33 Enough
▹ When modifying adjectives and adverbs, enough
follows.
She speaks Germany well enough.Our band performed
impressively enough.
I think the T-shirt is cheap enough.
34 Enough + Noun

When modifying a noun, enough precedes the noun.

Do you have enough sugar for the cake?We don’t have
enough room to store these boxes.
I have enough eggs to bake a cake.
35

▹ The noun that is modified by enough may sometimes be

deleted with no change in meaning.

A : Do you have the money?

B : Yes, I do. I have enough.

A : Let’s decorate this room with green paint

B : I think we don’t have enough.
36 Exercise
In the following sentences, choose the correct form in parentheses.
1. There were not (enough people/ people enough) to have the
meeting.
2. Allen has learned (enough French/ French enough) to study in
France next year.
3. Do you have (enough time/ time enough) to talk now?
4. She drove (enough fast/ fast enough) to win the race.
5. Mike will graduate from law school (enough soon/ soon enough) to
join his father’s firm.
37

THANK
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