Fluke 438-II Materi 2

Fluke-438 Series II
1
Thin Current Flexis
• All standard Fluke-430 series II products are
supplied with four i430-Flexi-TF, 6000A flexis
which are 61cm (24in) long.
• The small diameter of the flexi enable it to get
into the tightest locations.
• The flexible material makes threading around
conductors easy.
• The locking mechanism ensures the flexi
doesn’t come lose during unattended logging.
• One current probe covers the widest range –
0.5A to 6,000A
• Standard BNC connector to the instrument.
Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 2

Thin Current Flexis
• Note: the arrow on the inside of the flexi probe should point
towards the load being monitored to ensure correct readings.
• Current flow to the load.
• Insert the grey plastic end of the

probe and twist the collar to lock
the probe in place.

What is included?
• All standard instruments come with voltage leads, dolphin clips, four i430 thin flexis,
power supply adapter, USB cable and soft carrying case.

430 Series II – Getting started
Getting Started Wizard
• Settings include: Language, operating voltage
and frequency, phase identifiers and colors,
date and time and date format.
Detailed Setup Wizard

• Drill down to the detail of individual settings
including levels for Limit reporting
(EN50160)
• Setup current probes
• Voltage and current can be scaled voltage
and current transformers are installed.
Fluke 430 Series II Slide 5

Measurement Menu(s)
• The Fluke-430-II has two measurement menu
screens
• The menu screens vary depending on the
instrument
• The Fluke-435-II includes additional items in

Page 2 of the menu.

Measurement Multitasking
Access multiple
measurement
screens while
continuously
measuring

Common Display Modes
• The Fluke-430-II has four common modes
― Basic measurements
― Trend
― Events
― Scope
• All four modes are automatically activated
when the measurement mode is started
• TREND data is stored in the background, an
defined average is stored – default is 1s Event count Scroll bar
• Averages from 1s to 5 minutes are available
• The trend can be zoomed to see te most
recent values in detail
• ‘Live’ values are indicated at the top of the
trend screen
• Measurement cursors detail specific point on
the graph when in HOLD mode.

Events
• The Fluke-430-II is always ready to capture
events
• Triggering for event capture is automatically
set when the nominal voltage is selected.
• Custom trigger levels may be selected if
preferred.
• Event counts are displayed in the meter
screen of each measurement mode.
• The simple event list shows the date and time
of the event, a classification of the event (dip
or swell), the voltage level and the event
duration.

Event Waveform Capture
• Event waveform capture available on 435-II
upwards
• The detail event description indicates when
the event started and when it ended with
details of the severity of the event.
• To view the waveform of the event the
instrument must be set to HOLD mode.
• As the instrument is set to HOLD the collected
data is saved to the instrument’s SD memory
card.
• The event waveform data is selected by first
highlighting the event in the list, pressing F1
(Wave Event).
• The waveform can now be zoomed and
measurement cursors can display detailed
waveform measurements.

Scope Mode
• The scope mode is available in all
measurement modes without interruption
to the measurement underway.
• The waveforms can be viewed in many
combinations to discover the dependencies
between voltages, currents and phases
• The phasor diagram shows the relationship

between each voltage and the relationship
between each phase voltage and current

Display Basics – Common Icons
This symbol indicates the phasor
Elapsed time indicator –
rotation of the three phase
time since measurement
voltage connected to the
mode was initiated.
analyzer.
These two symbols

indicate that the
Trending
measured values are
Recorded being stored for a
trend trend graph or if you
are viewing stored
data
Indicates whether the

instrument is charging or
running on battery –
battery status is indicated
by less or more black area
in the battery symbol
Common Graphical Actions
No cursor available
Cursor ON activates the cursor, values at the top
of the screen change with cursor position.
Cursors are moved horizontally using RIGHT and
LEFT cursor keys
Zoom in/out activated by UP

and DOWN cursors to change
size of display graph

Volts / Amps / Hertz
• Discover the basic characteristics of the
electrical system in the V/A/Hz mode.
• Capture trends and events in the background.
• Select function key F3 to view trend.
• Use the SCOPE mode to check the
connections.
• Press function key F5 to return to meter mode
Ensure arrow points

towards the load
Phasor direction
seems wrong
Dips and Swells
• By default dips and swells are displayed as a
trend.
• On this trend three phases of voltage and
current and instantaneous flicker (PINST) are
drawn.
• The Dips and Swell meter displays half-cycle
RMS values for each phase and PINST
• The event counter increments with each
event.

Dip or Swell?
Dip The DIP event starts when the voltage goes
below the threshold.
Nominal The DIP event ends
voltage when the voltage
reaches the hysteresis
Hysteresis point
Threshold
The SWELL event starts when the voltage

Swell goes above the threshold.
Threshold
Hysteresis
The SWELL event ends
when the voltage
Nominal reaches the hysteresis
voltage point

Harmonics
• The Fluke 430-II displays the harmonic
spectrums of:
― Voltage, Current and Power
• Display measurements as a bar chart, in
tabular format or as a trend graph.
• THD describes overall distortion present,
• %THD, 1st to 50th Harmonic and K-Factor
• Harmonics are displayed as %r (of total
harmonic voltage), %f (of fundamental
voltage) or rms (voltage)

Some History of Power and Energy
• Steinmetz originally developed the methods
of power and energy calculation (1897).
• Changes in electrical loads require new
measurement methods and calculation to
accurately reflect system behaviour.
• DIN40110-2 Quantities used in alternating
current theory - Part 2: Multi-line circuits.
• IEEE1459-2010 - Definitions for the
Measurement of Electric Power Quantities
Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Steinmetz
Unbalanced Conditions.
• The DIN and IEEE standard have some small
differences but both standards provide
consistent results.
• The Fluke 430-II includes both classical and
modern (unified) algorithms for power and
energy measurement.

Power and Energy Waste
Various ways of measuring Power:

• Classical Power
• IEEE 1459-2010 Power
• Unified Power
– Loss Analysis
– Unbalance Analysis
Simulation Examples

Reactive Power (analogy)
P
Q
work = force x length
AC network: S = P + Q
2 2 2
P flows from the source to the load.
Q bounces between source and load.
S is what the network has to deal with.

Classical Power
Classical Power works fine if:
The system is sinusoidal

– Harmonic content is negligible
Unbalance is negligible
– Amplitude Unbalance
– Phase Unbalance

Classical Power
What if Harmonics and

Unbalance are not negligible?
Attempts to extend Classical
Power:
Buchholz (1922)
Budeanu (1927)
Fryze (1932)
Depenbrock (1960)
IEEE 1459-2010 Power
Originally published in 2000 :

Draft Standard Definitions for
the Measurement of Electric Power
Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Non-
Sinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced
Conditions
Chair: A.E. Emanuel
Updated: 2010
Single Phase Systems Three Phase Systems
(distorted) (distorted and unbalanced)
Quantity or
Combined Fundamental Nonfundamental Combined Fundamental Nonfundamental
Indicator
Apparent S S 1
SN SH Se Se1 S1 SU1 SeN SeH
(VA) (VA) (VA) (VA) (VA) (VA)
P P1 PH P P1 PH
Active
(W) (W) (W) (W) (W)
(W)
Nonactive N Q1 D I DU DH N Q1 DeI DeU DeH

(var) (var) (var) (var) (var) (var)
P PF1 
P1
PF 
P P1
Line utilization PF  PF1 
S S1 Se S1
Harmonic SN SeN
pollution Se1
S1
SU1
Load unbalance
S1

Pro’s:
– Complete
– Mathematically correct
Con’s:
– Many parameters
– Physical significance not always clear
– Use of a virtual replacement system for unbalance
Question: Too academic for practical use?

Unified Power
Developed by V. Leon and J.

Montanana
Unites various power theories
(outcomes are compatible with other theories i.e. IEEE-1459)
Breaks down the total Power in

physical significant components
(the components can be measured with physical instruments)
Gives direct insight in Power Loss

problems
Unified Power
Total power breakdown:
u(t) = u+(t) + uU(t) + uH(t)
i(t) = i (t) + iR(t) + iU(t) + iH(t)

+
p(t) = u(t).i(t) = pE(t) + pR(t) + pU(t)

effective
+ pH(t)
reactive unbalance harmonic

Unified Power
Loss Overview:

From scientific breakthrough to reality
• In collaboration with the

University of Valencia
– Unified Power (patent)
• Fluke-originated
– Power wave
– Inverter efficiency

Power and Energy
• The Fluke 430-II products can calculate using
the classical method and according to
IEEE1459-2010 – the user chooses.
• The classical measurements are noted with
Σ (sigma symbol).
• Indicators for inductive (lagging) or
capacitive (leading) power factor
• Comprehensive range of power variables
including exported power and energy
(forward & reverse). Energy accumulation may be timed

Energy Loss Calculator
• Settings for feeder conductor length and
diameter are entered for resistive losses
calculation.
• Up to four electricity tariffs can be entered
for different times of day.
• Losses arise from a number of sources
including resistive, harmonic, unbalance,
and neutral losses.

What you see on Energy Loss
Useful kilowatts
(power) available
Reactive (unusable)
power
Power made unusable

by unbalance
Unusable distortion
volt amperes
Neutral current
Total cost of wasted

kilowatt hours per year

Where do the numbers come from
These five
values are
directly
calculated
according to
IEEE 1459.

Where do the numbers come from
• These loss values are
dependent on the totals of
each of the measured
values.
• These values are derived

using the Unified Power
method to discover the
waste energy in the system.
• The calculation method used

is Fluke’s patented method.

Inverter efficiency for solar installations
Recipe for solar installation ROI

1. Solar cells and solar battery storage
output dc current
2. Inverters convert that dc current to ac
(useful power)
3. For optimum performance,
inverter settings need to match solar
cell output, which changes over time
– or –
A solar installation that isn’t
configured correctly won’t run
efficiently
= need to periodically measure
dc input and ac output
simultaneously
Power Inverter Efficiency
• The Fluke 430-II models
simultaneously measure dc output
power from solar array and the ac
output power of the inverter being
feed with the dc current.
• Instrument voltage and current
phases L1/A, L2/B and L3/C
measure ac output power – the Not the final picture
neutral channel (V&I) measure dc
power.
• A Hall Effect probe is required on
the neutral channel for dc current
measurement. Simple solar
• By measuring input and output power system
power efficiency may be
calculated.
• Inverter efficiency will vary
depending on:
– Input energy and output load
conditions.
– Operating temperature
Unbalance
• Graphical and numeric data presentations.
• Voltage and current phasors with angles
beween like phasors and angles between
voltage and current phasors.
• Graphical trending of all measured values
enables correlation with individual loads
switching on to circuits.

Inrush
• Simple, step by
step setup.
• Set nominal
current.
• Set thresholds,
and capture.
• Instrument
holds on
completion of
time.
• Measurement
cursors identify
absolute
values of
inrush.

Inrush
• Individual channels can be selected for a
detailed view of the startup
characteristic – the example (left)shows
the trend being drawn.
• The detailed view below shows the
automatic markers that define the start
and end of the inrush event.
• During inrush capture the half-cycle
values may also be viewed.

Inrush
• The trigger point
defines when
measurements are
stored for the
inrush event.
• The inrush time
starts at the trigger
point and end at
the trigger point
minus the
hysteresis.
• Pre-trigger shows
the signal state
immediately before
triggering.
• The RMS values
that describe the
inrush event can be
measured using
cursors on screen.

Monitor
• The Monitor mode is a summary of a
wide range of power quality variables.
• Values are compared to predefined
settings.
• Each setting may be customized to suit
the application.
• Default settings are based on EN50160
standard at 230V, 50Hz.
• Data is summarized on one graph which
shows good and bad values.

Flicker
• Four flicker variable measured:
– PINST (instantaneous flicker),
– PST(1 MIN) Short term flicker (measured over 1
minute)
– PST Short term flicker (measured over 10
minutes)
– PLT Long term flicker (measured over 2 hours).
• Values can be displayed as a Trend to
provide comparative timings of where
loads may be switching in and causing
problems.

Transients
• Setting up the Fluke 435-II for transient
capture is really simple.
• The step by step setup simplifies setup.
• The type of capture can be selected from
choices including transients, swells, dips etc.

Transients
• Once the
instrument is
in HOLD mode
the waveforms
can be
accessed.
• Multiple
captures show
the story of
the event.
• The
measurement
cursors show
the severity of
the event,

Traditional method
Evaluating Mechanical Output Power
• Measurement of mechanical power

usually requires a torque sensing system
which requires a sensor, conditioning
electronics and acquisition hardware.
• Installing the torque sensors in to existing
motors is difficult and time consuming.
• The complexity and cost of these systems
is high.
• Systems that also measure electrical
power are even more complex.
• Field testing systems are difficult to
install, understand and costly.
The Fluke 438-II provides a very affordable alternative delivering easy to understand measurement
data on systems that are operating in their typical environment.
Breakthrough Technology
To quickly discover electrical
performance
• Electrical Measurements
– Capture key electrical parameters to compare with
motor nameplate – Voltage, current, power, power
factor etc.
To quickly discover mechanical
performance
• Mechanical Measurements
– Captured without the need to install mechanical
sensors to measure speed torque, mechanical power
Check on the state of power
quality
• Unbalance and harmonics matter
– Ensuring harmonics and unbalance are within
reasonable limits is key to ensuring acceptable motor
performance
– Unique NEMA de-rating information screen shows
impact of poor power quality
Gets to key motor performance parameters quickly and easily

Proving Fluke-438-II Measurement Methods
Using a 355 kW (475 hp) motor, the output

torque from a mechanical sensor was compared
to the Fluke-438-II
While running with stable torque, delta between torque sensor and
Fluke 438-II is < 2%
June 2016
Electrical Measurements
• Three phase measurements
– Electrical Power
– Unbalance
– Power Factor
– Harmonic Distortion
• Motor Electrical Analysis
– Directly on line motors only
(more than 60% of motors are connected direct
on line)
– Measurement as % of rated nameplate
specification
• Measurement Benefits
– Quickly quantify performance relative to design
specification
– Measure and eliminate poor power quality as
source of motor failure
Mechanical Measurements
• Calculated Mechanical Measurements using
advanced analysis of electrical signals
– Power
– Torque
– Speed
– Efficiency
• Motor Mechanical Analysis
– Directly coupled motors only
– Measurement as % of rated nameplate
specification for quick good or bad indication
– No load sensor required, save cost and
overcome challenges of accessing shaft
– Quickly ascertain load under operating
condition
Motor Rated Load
• Calculated real time load factor
– Operating conditions, load and power quality
impact the rated performance of motors
– To compensate, the motor power must be de-rated
to mitigate temperature rise and stress to windings
and mechanical components
• Motor Mechanical Analysis
– Directly coupled motors only
– De-rating factor calculated according to National
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
standards, taking the impact of poor power quality
into account.
– Quickly identify motors operating at or beyond
limits, make system adjustments to prevent
failures
– Size the motor to save operating cost and prevent
downtime
Diagnostic benefits
• The 438-II has two important summary screens that show key electrical and mechanical
parameters in terms of ‘state of health’ to provide a quick insight on the status of the
motors as it operates.
• Measuring torque can give a direct insight into the state of health
of the motor, the load and process.
• Reliable operation over time is ensured while minimizing maintenance costs.
Diagnostic benefits
• Analysis of measured data is much simplified by classifying measurements from good

(green) to bad (red).
• Where the black indicators are plotted indicated where the motor is operating with
optimal or expected performance. The expected performance comparison is in line with
the measurement compared to the motor’s rating plate data.
• Indicators falling inside the red bars may be due to poor power quality (unbalance and
harmonics) or under or overloading of the motor.
Derating motors
When harmonics and unbalance are present the motor is likely
to run hotter than the specification, the purpose of the NEMA derating
is to ensure that the motors continue to run within specifications.
• The derating curve shows the

performance of a motor under test.
• Each of the points shows the
performance as the load changes
and the state of the power quality.
• Points in the green zone are within
acceptable performance limits.
• Operation in the yellow zone is
acceptable for short periods.
• Points in the red zone should be
avoided as operation in the area
may potentially damage the motor
PowerLog 4.0
• PowerLog 4.0 is a revised
version of the software
package that supports a
number of Fluke products.
• The new package support
the new measurements
included in the Fluke 430
series II products.
• There are a number of user
interface improvements,
this is illustrated in the
include statistics mode.

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Fluke-438 Series II

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 2

• Current flow to the load.

• Insert the grey plastic end of the

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 3

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 4

Detailed Setup Wizard

Fluke 430 Series II Slide 5

• The Fluke-435-II includes additional items in

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 6

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 7

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 8

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 9

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 10

• The phasor diagram shows the relationship

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 11

These two symbols

Indicates whether the

Zoom in/out activated by UP

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 13

Ensure arrow points

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 15

The SWELL event starts when the voltage

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 16

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 17

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 18

Various ways of measuring Power:

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 19

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 20

Classical Power works fine if:

The system is sinusoidal

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 21

What if Harmonics and

Originally published in 2000 :

Nonactive N Q1 D I DU DH N Q1 DeI DeU DeH

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 24

Question: Too academic for practical use?

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 25

Developed by V. Leon and J.

Breaks down the total Power in

Gives direct insight in Power Loss

Total power breakdown:

u(t) = u+(t) + uU(t) + uH(t)

i(t) = i (t) + iR(t) + iU(t) + iH(t)

p(t) = u(t).i(t) = pE(t) + pR(t) + pU(t)

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 27

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 28

• In collaboration with the

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 29

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 30

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 31

Power made unusable

Total cost of wasted

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 32

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 33

• These values are derived

• The calculation method used

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 34

Recipe for solar installation ROI

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 37

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 38

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 39

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 40

Company Confidential Fluke 430 Series II Slide 41