DIABETES MELLITUS

• It is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by

chronic hyperglycemia.
• Resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin
action, or both.
 ETIOLOGY

• Diabetes mellitus is due to lack of insulin.

• Islet B cell destruction by immune mechanisms.
• Idiopathic.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Enviromental factors.
• Viral infections.
 LAB INVESTIGATIONS

1. URINE EXAMINATION

2. SERUM ELECTROLYTES

3. ACID BASE BALANCE

4. BLOOD EXAMINATION
CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DM
• MANAGEMENT

PRIMARY PREVENTION:

• Prolong breast feeding.

• Delay cow’s milk
introduction.
• Delay cereal introduction.
• MANAGEMENT:
• INSULIN REPLACEMENT
• The usual IDDM child require 0.75-1.0 U/kg of insulin
daily S/C.
• Total daily dose is divided in to short acting and
intermediate acting.
• The goal of treatment is to maintain FBS between 80-
120 mg/dl and post prandial BG levels < 200 mg/dl.
• MANAGEMENT:
• DIET is cornerstone of diabetes management.
• Avoid refined sugars and give more food with higher fiber content.

• Children with IDDM should be encourged to EXERCISE regularly.

• With exercise insulin requirements are lower.

• Patient/Parents education regarding disease and it’s

management.
COMPLICATIONS:
 DKA
 Hypoglycemia
 HONK
 Peripheral neuropathy
 Nephropathy
 Retinopathy and blindness
 Coronary artery disease