I&O

O Nutrition Assessment reviewed previously

O Weigh/measure patient as ordered
O Scales vs Bed Scales
O Stimulate Appetite
O Small, frequent meals
O Food preferences; rituals
O Encouragement and pleasant environment
O Attractive foods
O Schedule procedures/meds to not interfere with meals; order
late tray if needed
O Control pain, nausea, depression
O Offer alternatives
O Good oral hygiene; comfort
O Remove clutter and free environment of irritating odors
O Arrange tray/set up meals (open packets, etc)
 Assisting with Eating
Identify diet ordered!!
O Involve
O Sit at eye level
O Engage patient in conversation
O Napkin, no bib
O Straws and eating utensils
O Glasses and dentures in use
O For visually impaired (explain placement of foods,
compartment plates, similar locations each meal)
 Diets
O Clear Liquid: liquid at room temp; able to see through
O Full Liquid: may have clear liquids + (milk and milk
drinks, puddings, custards, etc)
O Soft Diets: low in fiber and lightly seasoned
O Restricted diets: fat, NA, etc.
O Pureed Diets: blenderized
O Mechanical Soft Diets: regular with texture modifications
O NPO: good oral hygiene, ice chips, discourage eating in
front of patient, alternate activities at mealtimes
 Urinary Elimination
O Micturition: process of emptying bladder
O Assess urine for: color, odor, clarity, and presence
of sediment
O Measure U/O
O Ask patient to void in bedpan, urinal, or specimen
hat
O Pour into measuring device
O Flat surface; measure in milliliters
O Record
O Discard
 Measuring U/O
O Incontinent: difficult to measure; record number
of times. If precise measurement necessary, may
collaborate with provider for options (catheter)
O Consider toileting q2 hours to attempt to catch
urine
O Indwelling catheter: gloves; measuring device;
place under drainage spout; open clamp; empty
drainage bag; place measuring device on flat
surface; record; discard urine.
Bed Pans and Urinal
Drainage Bag for Indwelling
Catheter
Promoting Normal Urination
O Maintain normal voiding habits
O Promoting fluid intake
O Strengthening muscle tone
O Assisting with toileting
O Schedule
O Urge to void
O Privacy
O Positioning
O Hygiene
Types of Urinary Incontinence
O Stress— because of intraabdominal pressure (pregnancy)
O Urge—
O Mixed—
O Overflow— too much urine in bladder
O Functional— you cant get to the bathroom
O Reflex— neurogenic bladder, spasms
O Total— cant control anything, can be due to a mix of things
Urinary Diversion:
Suprapubic catheter
Urinary Diversion:
Ileal Conduit
 Bowel Elimination
O Soft formed brown Q 1-3 days
O Characteristics of Stool Table 38.1
O Note and record: frequency, amount, and
characteristics. Describe unusual observations
related to stool or the act of defecating
Assisting with Bowel Elimination
O Promote regular bowel habits; consider:
O Timing, nutrition, privacy, and exercise
Colostomy
and Ileostomy
Emptying Ostomy Appliance

O Refer to Skills checklist

 I&O
O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6ovyZIs9
tg
30 mL in 1 oz