PARTS OF SPEECH

 The notion of parts of speech

 Traditional approach to parts of speech

division

Gadzhieva A.
 The traditional grammatical classes of words are called "parts of speech".
The first classification of vocabulary into groups was made in ANCIENT GREEK (ARISTOTLE)
types of grammatically relevant properties of words that differentiate “parts of speech”:

- semantic (refers to the generalized semantic properties common to the whole class of words)

- formal (embraces the formal features that are characteristic for a particular part of speech)

e.g. -property, bitterness, worker, etc

-boy-boys, boy – boy’s, boy – the boy – a boy

- functional (is based on the functions that the words of a particular class fulfill in the sentence)
 The division of words into classes

 CRITERIA:
Semantic (meaning)
Formal (form) derivational features
a set of grammatical
categories

Functional (function) function in the sentence

combinability
 Traditional grammar approach
 Scherba: notional parts of speech
(N, V, Adv, Adj, Pron, Num)
Functional parts of speech
(art, prep, conj, part, modal words, interj)
 V.Vinogradov:
notional parts of speech
(N, V, Adv, Adj, Pron, Num, the category of state (alone, alive,ashore)
Functional: particles proper, linking particles, prepositions,conjunctions)
 M. Blokh (semantico-grammatical analysis):
Notional (names): N,V,Adv,Adj
pronominal words (substitutes of names):
pronouns, numbers, words of broad semantcs (“do”, ”thing” etc. )
Functional words: prep, conj, particles, determiners etc.
Notional words traditionally include :
 nouns,
 verbs,
 adjectives,
 adverbs,
 Pronouns
 and numerals

Functional words include :

 Conjunctions
 prepositions
 articles
 interjections,
 Particles
 modal words
 Notional and functional
parts of speech
1 The lexical meaning is very general and
1 The lexical meaning is bright and distinct weak;
2 They аre open classes 2 they are closed systems (include
a
limited number of members);
3 They perform certain functions in the 3 function as linking and specifying words.
sentence
4 They have obligatory combinability;
4 They form the "Lexical Paradigm of
Nomination“
Thank you for attention