Energy Savings

Opportunities in Controls,
Lighting, Air Conditioning,
Water Heating and
Refrigeration
Chuck Thomas, P.E. CEM
Lead Engineer
Benefits of Energy Conservation

 Savings add directly to bottom line

 Reduced emissions
 Reduced effluent
 Conserves resources
 Reduced maintenance
 Improved comfort
 Provides bragging rights
First Step - Define your Baseline

 Perform an Energy Survey

 Graph utility usage verses weather and
occupancy
 Review utility rates
 Benchmark your facility verses similar facilities
 Lighting
 Water/sewer & water heating
 Heating and cooling
 Evaluate controls
Usage and Billing Data
 Graph usage
 Electric kWh, kW, $, average $/kWh
 Fuel usage, $, $/therm
 Water/sewer usage, $, $/Ccf or 1,000 gallons
 Cost per square foot
 Cost per occupied room
 Cost per meal
 Usage verses weather data
 Energy Usage
KWH Used KW and Degree Days
90,000 600

80,000
500

70,000
400

60,000
300
50,000

200
40,000

100
30,000

20,000 0
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

KWH Usage Weather KW Demand

Hi-rise Hotel Energy Segments
Maximum KW
57%

12 Story - 665 Rooms

Area Maximum KW
HVAC Common 220.3
HVAC Rooms 899.7
Lighting Common 98.3
6%
14%
Lighting Rooms 240.8
Miscellaneous 132.0
15%
8% Totals 1,591

Average KW Highest Peak KW 1,322

Average Peak KW 1,066
49% Lowest Peak KW 787

20% to 35% common area usage

20% 9%

11%
11%
Typical Lodging Electric Usage
Typical Lodging Electric Distrubtion
10%

4%

58%

28%

HVAC Lighting W ater Heating Miscellaneous

$450 Typical
$400
Room
$350
Electric
$300

$250
Energy
$200
Usage per
$150 year
$100

$50

$0
PTAC's Lighting Misc.
Annual Hotel Electric Bill per Room
11 Orlando Hotels - Properties were from 141
rooms to 1,020 rooms
Large Convention Ctr
$1,800
4 Restaurants + 750
$0.80 to $4.52 per room per night $1,651 rooms
$1,600

$1,400 $1,409

$1,200 $1,213 246 rooms

$1,000 $863

$800 $857
$587
$600 $480 $632 141 rooms
$561
$463 245 rooms
$400
$293 Small Convention Ctr
$200
+ 1,020 rooms
$0
Rates
 Understand the terms
 Demand, energy, power factor, load factor,
hours of use, ratchets, kVAr, kVA, Ccf, therms,
etc
 What are your options
 Varies with utility and usage
 Calculate bill under rate options
Lighting Audit
 Determine cost per room per month & day
 Represents 20-30% of electric billing
 30-40% savings potential in lighting
 T8’s - up to 40% savings (more light than 34 watt)
 Compacts - up to 75% savings and longer life
 LED exit signs - up to 90 % savings and longer life

 Savings in A/C
 Less heat to remove
 Maintain lighting foot-candles at IES
standards
Water/Sewer & Water Heating
 Determine cost per room per month & day
 Check for and repair leaks
 Deduct meters on cooling tower make-up
 Low gallon per flush toilets
 Lower gpm shower heads
 Customer acceptable models
 Efficient water heaters
 Insulated piping
 Consider heat recovery from refrigeration, A/C
Heating & Cooling
 Unoccupied room usage
 temperature set back - 30% savings of HVAC
 Window treatments
 Films, low Summer Heat Gain Coefficient
SHGC windows, awnings, sun screens
 Drapery use - 30% savings of HVAC if used
 Replace with high SEER, HSPF
 Book rooms with lowest HVAC cost first
 Lowest solar exposure - summer
 Lowest envelope exposure - winter
Refrigeration
 Estimate operating cost
 Check
 temperature settings
 seals, door alignment
 coil condition
 location of condensers
 defrost controls
 Replace with high efficiency systems
 Run only what is necessary
Controls
 Check for proper operation
 note complaints
 Training of personnel
 temperature settings
 draperies
 Consider Energy Management Systems
 Documents usage
 Documents operation
 Automates controls
 Establish Energy Awareness Campaign
Energy Awareness Campaign
 Shows management commitment
 Reward system for each departments
participation in meeting goals
 Recognition for enthusiastic support
 Dinner coupons or room night coupons for
leadership role in meeting goals
 Department with highest savings rewarded
 Internal newsletter needs to highlight
progress towards goals
 Financial backing for low-cost fast payback
projects
Energy Awareness Campaign:
 Select attainable goals
 Based on energy audit and benchmarking
 Reduce average kWh monthly usage by X
% (compared to last year, weather neutralized)
 Reduce average gallons of water monthly
usage by y% (compared to last year)
 Reduce average Gas monthly usage by z
% (compared to last year)
Review
 Understand your usage
 Look for changes
 Keep up on maintenance
 Install high efficient lighting, water heating
and HVAC systems
 Reduce water usage
 Insure proper controls and operation
 Establish an Energy Awareness Program
Summary - Significant benefits are
possible by implementing conservation
programs
 Show them the money

 Document the other savings

 Reduced emissions
 Reduced effluent
 Conserved water, fuel
 Reduced maintenance
 Improved comfort
 Brag