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Metode Energi - New (PPT 4)
Metode Energi - New (PPT 4)
1
Strain Energy
• A uniform rod is subjected to a slowly increasing
load
• The elementary work done by the load P as the rod
elongates by a small dx is
dU P dx elementary work
• Setting dV = dA dx,
M 2 2
L L
M 2 y2
My U dA dx 2
y dA dx
x 2 EI 2
2 EI A
I 0 A 0
L
M2
dx
2 EI
0
7
Strain Energy For Shearing Stresses
• For a shaft subjected to a torsional load,
2
xy T 2 2
U dV 2
dV
2G 2GJ
• Setting dV = dA dx,
T 2 2
L L
T 2 2
U dA dx 2
dA dx
2GJ 2
2GJ A
0A 0
T L
xy T2
J dx
2GJ
0
8
Sample Problem A
SOLUTION:
• Determine the reactions at A and B
from a free-body diagram of the
complete beam.
a) Taking into account only the normal • Integrate over the volume of the
stresses due to bending, determine the beam to find the strain energy.
strain energy of the beam for the
loading shown. • Apply the particular given
conditions to evaluate the strain
b) Evaluate the strain energy knowing energy.
that the beam is a W10x45, P = 40
kips, L = 12 ft, a = 3 ft, b = 9 ft, and E
= 29x106 psi.
9
Sample Problem A
SOLUTION:
• Determine the reactions at A and B
from a free-body diagram of the
complete beam.
Pb Pa
RA RB
L L
10
Sample Problem A
• Integrate over the volume of the beam to find
the strain energy.
a b
M 12 M 22
U dx dv
0
2 EI 0
2 EI
a 2 b 2
1 Pb 1 Pa
Over the portion AD, x
2 EI 0 L
dx v dv
2 EI 0 L
Pb
M1 x 1 P 2 b 2 a 3 a 2b 3 P 2 a 2b 2
L
2
2
a b
Over the portion BD, 2 EI L 3 3 6 EIL
Pa
M2 v P 2a 2b 2
L U
6 EIL
y1 1
U P dy 1Py
2 1 1
U M d 12 M11
0 0
3 2 3
1 P P1L P1 L 1 M M1L M12 L
2 1 EI
2 1 3EI 6 EI 2 EI
13
Deflection Under a Single Load
• If the strain energy of a structure due to a
single concentrated load is known, then the
equality between the work of the load and
energy may be used to find the deflection.
P 2l 0.6 0.8
3
3
0.364
P 2l
From the given geometry, 2 AE AE
LBC 0.6 l LBD 0.8 l
• Equating work and strain energy,
From statics, P2L 1
U 0.364 P yB
AE 2
FBC 0.6 P FBD 0.8P Pl
y B 0.728
AE
14
Sample Problem D
SOLUTION:
• Find the reactions at A and B from a
free-body diagram of the entire truss.
15
Sample Problem D
SOLUTION:
• Find the reactions at A and B from a free-
body diagram of the entire truss.
Ax 21 P 8 Ay P B 21 P 8
• Evaluate the strain energy of the • Equate the strain energy to the work by P
truss due to the load P. and solve for the displacement.
1 Py
Fi2 Li 1 Fi2 Li U
U Ai 2 E
2 Ai E 2 E
2U 2 29700 P 2
1
2E
29700P 2 yE
P P 2 E
yE
29.7 103 40 103
yE 16.27 mm
9
73 10
17
Work and Energy Under Several Loads
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Work and Energy Under Several Loads
• Deflections of an elastic beam subjected to two
concentrated loads,
x1 x11 x12 11 P1 12 P2
x2 x21 x22 21P1 22 P2
• For a truss,
n n
Fi2 Li U F L F
U xj i i i
2A E
i 1 i
Pj i 1 Ai E Pj
22
Diketahui; L 2m, w 4kN/m, P 6kN
EI 5 MN.m 2 Tentukan defleksi di poin A
L
U M M
yA dx
P 0 EI P
Bending momen jarak x dari A
M
M (Px 1/ 2 w x 2 ) x
P
L
U 1
yA (Px 1 / 2 w x 2
) x dx
P EI 0
Px
L
U 1
yA 2
1/ 2 w x 3 dx
P EI 0
U 1 PL3 wL4
yA
P EI 3 8
23
y A 4.8mm
Tentukan defleksi dan slope di poin A
L
U M M
QA 0 EI QA
yA dx
(Q x 1/ 2 w x ) x dx
L
U 1
yA A
2
QA EI 0
1/ 2 w x dx
L
U 1
yA 3
QA EI 0
U 1 wL4
yA
QA EI 8
L
U M M M
A dx M (M A 1/ 2 w x 2 ) 1
M A 0 EI M A M A
L L
1 1 wL3
(M A 1/ 2 w x ) 1 dx ( 1/ 2 w x ) 1 dx
EI 0 EI 0
A 2 2
6 EI 24
Tentukan defleksi ke sumbu X dan Y di poin A
U U 2
FBC 2
LBC FBD LBD
xB yB U
Q P 2 AE 2 AE
U FBC LBC FBC FBD LBD FBD U FBC LBC FBC FBD LBD FBD
xB dan y B
Q AE Q AE Q P AE P AE P
FBC 0.6 P 0.8Q FBD 0.8 P 0.6Q
FBC F F F
0.8 BD 0.6 BC 0.6 BD 0.8
Q Q P P
xB
FBC LBC FBC FBD LBD FBD 0.6 P (0.6l )
(0.8)
0.8P (0.8l ) 0.6
AE Q AE Q AE AE
Pl Pl
xB 0.096 y B 0.728 25
AE AE
Tentukan R A , R B dan M B U
L
M M
yA dx
R A 0 EI RA
Bending momen jarak x dari A
M
M (RA x 1/ 2 w x )
2
x
RA
(R x 1/ 2 w x ) x dx
L
U 1
yA A
2
R A EI 0
R x
L
U 1
yA A
2
1/ 2 w x 3 dx
R A EI 0
U 1 RA L3 wL4
yA 0
R A EI 3 8
3wL 5wL wL2
RA RB MB
8 8 8
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33
Sample Problem E
SOLUTION:
• For application of Castigliano’s theorem,
introduce a dummy vertical load Q at C.
Find the reactions at A and B due to the
dummy load from a free-body diagram of
the entire truss.
• Apply the method of joints to determine
the axial force in each member due to Q.
Members of the truss shown
consist of sections of aluminum • Combine with the results of Sample
pipe with the cross-sectional areas Problem 11.4 to evaluate the derivative
indicated. Using E = 73 GPa, with respect to Q of the strain energy of
determine the vertical deflection of the truss due to the loads P and Q.
the joint C caused by the load P.
• Setting Q = 0, evaluate the derivative
which is equivalent to the desired
displacement at C.
34
Sample Problem E
SOLUTION:
• Find the reactions at A and B due to a dummy load Q
at C from a free-body diagram of the entire truss.
Ax 34 Q Ay Q B 34 Q
FCE FDE 0
FAC 0; FCD Q
FAB 0; FBD 34 Q
35
Sample Problem E
yC
4306 40 103 N yC 2.36 mm
9
73 10 Pa
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