Root exudation

1. Definition
• Chemical substances that are
released from root of living plant
• secrete ion, free oxygen and water,
mucus enzyme carbon compound
• Importance role of the plant root
surface population
 2.Classification
• Root root communication
• Parasitic plant use secondary metabolites as messengers
the growing of invasive organs in heterotrophic growth
• Root microbe communication
• Flavanoids in legumes root activate the Rhizobium
meliloti genes for nodulation process
• Erwinia spp, pseudomonas spp and Agrobacterium spp
posses quorum sensing systems control gene expression
for pathogenicity
 Function
• Root may regulate the soil microbial community
• Encourage beneficial symbioses
• Change the chemical and physical properties of the soil
• Inhibit the growth of competing plant species
• 5% to 21% of all photosynthetically fixed carbon being
transferred to the rhizosphere through root exudates.
 Factor affect root exudation
• 1.Microorganism
• In rhizosphere, root have to compete with microorganism in
their vicinity for water, space and nutrients in fungi and
bacteria
• The rate of exudation or exudate formation is increased by the
presence of microbes
 2.Soil pH and fertilizer
• High concentration of anion and organic acids in root
exudation lead p deficiency and lower rhizospheric pH
,increase the level of Mn ,Fe and Zn in soil and lower the
acidification of the soil
• Rooibos tea can modify their mycorhizospheric pH
 3. Plant characteristic(species ,age ,nutrients ,lights

• Some microbe were found to be more effective in

flowering than the seedling time
• The pectin methyl ecterase Pme and Pg increase in
the exposed sunlight
• Plant age are related to the rhizosphere effect and
degree of response to the microorganism