REFRACTION

dr. Ibnu Gilang Syawali

Definition
Refraction is a process by which a patient is guided
through the use of a variety of lenses.

The purpose is to achieve the best possible acuity

on distance and near vision test.
 Principle of Vergence

Vergence is a measure
of spreading or coming
together of a bundle
of light rays coming
from or heading to a
single point
Power / Vergence power

It describes the ability of a curved lens to converge or diverge light rays.

Divergence = Concave/Cekung (-)  For myopia

Convergece = Convex/Cembung (+)  For hypermetropia

Diopter (D) = Unit of measurement of lens refractive power

Focal Length = distance between the lens and image formed by object
F (m) = 1/D
REFRACTIVE STATE OF THE EYE

• Emmetropia (Normal eye) : parallel light sharply focused

on the retina

• Ametropia : Relaxed/Non-accommodating eyes is unable

to focus the parallel light on the retina
REFRACTIVE STATE OF THE EYE
Etiology of refractive error

1. Axial length
2. Corneal curvature
3. Lens opacity
4. Corneal surface
5. Genetic
6. Near work condition