Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Culture:
Count bacteria with serial dilution
Aguilar, J.M., Canicula, J.K., Menorca, G.R.,
Nacalaban, C., Pascual, P.J., Sanchez, R. III
BACTERIAL GROWTH
In ideal conditions, a bacterial population can expand at an
exponential rate.
With an optimal generation time of roughly 20 minutes, a
single E. coli bacteria can spawn a population over 1
billion strong in a 10-hour timeframe.
Generation Time - gives a good estimation of the health of
your culture and the optimization of the growth conditions
This growth is, however, neither spontaneous nor constant
and follows distinct growth curves.
In this Labster simulation, we were able to...
Sterilizing media
The medium and its container must be
sterilized by autoclaving before use.
Sterilizing Equipment
Lab equipment can be sterilized by
autoclaving, heating, use of disinfectant.
ANTIBIOTIC SELECTION
Mutations
Every time the bacterium goes through this process there is a chance
that errors occur.
Are random and can be located anywhere in the DNA.
Can form due to external factors like radiation or harmful chemicals.
Can result in antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Treating bacterial population with an antibiotic, only the resistant
bacteria will be able to multiply; the antibiotic selects for them.
Natural selection
While some mutations are harmful to the bacteria, others can provide an
advantage given the right circumstances.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
HOW ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Normally occurs when a microbe is exposed to sub-lethal HAPPENS
concentrations of a particular antibiotic.
The surviving microbes can evolve resistance mechanisms
through mutations in their DNA over many generations as a
result of the selective pressure.
Researchers use antibiotic resistance genes to identify
bacteria’s plasmid containing their gene of interest.
These resistance mechanisms can be sorted into four
categories: (1) modification of the primary target of the
antibiotic, (2) inactivation of the antibiotic compound itself,
(3) preventing the antibiotic from reaching the target, and (4)
using alternative metabolic pathways.
Superbugs - a bacterial species that are resistant to all but the
most extreme therapies.
E.COLI
Escherichia coli, E. coli, in short, is a
rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly
found in the lower intestine of warm-
blooded organisms.
Model Organisms
Prokaryotes:
E. Coli
Eukaryotes:
Yeast
C. Elegans
Fruit Fly
Arabidopsis thaliana
Chicken
Mouse